A spectral analysis of cognitive and personality variables in hypnosis: Empirical disconfirmation of the two-factor model of hypnotic responding.

Kirsch, Irving; Silva, Christopher E.; Comey, Gail; Reed, Steven

doi:10.1037/0022-3514.69.1.167

Cited by 57 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…cannot be explained by heightened suggestibility (e.g. Spiegel, 1998;Weitzenhoffer, 2001; for a critical analysis of this hypothesis see Kirsch, Silva, Comey and Reed, 1995). Further, these phenomena are possible for only some individuals (see Hilgard, 1977b).…”

Section: The Physiological Indicators Of Ascmentioning

confidence: 95%

Hypnotic phenomena and altered states of consciousness: a multilevel framework of description and explanation

Kallio

Revonsuo

2003

Contemporary Hypnosis

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There is currently agreement that, in addition to the changes in external behaviour, suggestions presented in a hypnotic context may give rise to changes in subjective experience. Ye t, there is no general agreement about the theoretical framework within which these changes in experience should be explained. Though different theories about hypnosis overlap in many respects, there is still disagreement on whether reference to a specific internal state of the individual is necessary in order to explain these changes. We place the explanatory task in the context of a multilevel framework of explanation, which reveals that the disagreement between the 'state' and 'nonstate' view is about the level of description at which the phenomenon 'hypnosis' should be conceptualized. We propose a novel approach using the multilevel explanation which helps to formulate empirically testable hypotheses about the nature of hypnosis. We will outline the basic elements of such an approach and hope that our proposition will help hypnosis research to integrate with the multidisciplinary research on other phenomena of consciousness.

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Section: The Physiological Indicators Of Ascmentioning

confidence: 95%

Hypnotic phenomena and altered states of consciousness: a multilevel framework of description and explanation

Kallio

Revonsuo

2003

Contemporary Hypnosis

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“…The effects of absorption on hypnotizability are shown to be mediated by 64 PESACH LICHTENBERG ET AL. expectancy by some (e.g., Kirsch & Council, 1992;Kirsch, Silva, Comey & Reed, 1995) but not others (e.g., Nadon, Hoyt, Register, & Kihlstrom, 1991;Zachariae et al, 2000).…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Hypnotic Susceptibility: Multidimensional Relationships With Cloninger?s Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire, COMT Polymorphisms, Absorption, and Attentional Characteristics

Lichtenberg¹,

Bachner‐Melman²,

Ebstein³

et al. 2004

International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis

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One hundred and seven healthy volunteers were administered Cloninger's Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ), the Differential Attentional Processes Inventory (DAPI), the Tellegen Absorption Scale (TAS), and the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale, Form C (SHSS:C). Polymorphisms of catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT), an enzyme involved in dopamine metabolism, were assessed. Highly hypnotizable subjects self-reported greater TPQ persistence, absorption, and focused attentional abilities. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses found that TPQ persistence, COMT, TAS, and the DAPI attentional scales explained 43.8% of the variance in women and 29% in men. Membership was correctly discriminated for the more extreme low (62.1%) and highly (81.5%) hypnotizable groups. These results suggest that highly hypnotizable persons have a more effective frontolimbic attentional system and further suggest the involvement of dopaminergic systems in hypnotizability.

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“…The problem is that we have not been very successful in identifying the specific person variables that affect responsiveness. Of all the person variables looked at, response expectancy clearly accounts for the most variance (Kirsch, Silva, Corney, & Reed, 1995). Next comes motivation.…”

Section: Kirschmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Response Set Theory of Hypnosis

Kirsch¹

2000

American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis

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The response set theory of hypnosis (Kirsch & Lynn, 1997) is an extension of response expectancy theory (Kirsch, 1985), which is rooted in social cognitive approach to understanding human experience and behavior. Although the idea of a uniquely hypnotic altered state of consciousness is rejected, so too are compliance-based explanations of hypnotic behavior. Suggestions, in or out of the social context of hypnosis, can produce profound alterations in experience, including dissociative experiences, and these can be verified through corresponding changes in brain physiology. Response expectancies play a major, but not exclusive, role in the production of subjective experience in general (Kinsbourne, 1998) and therefore of these suggested experiences as well. Because of widespread cultural beliefs about hypnosis, the hypnotic context intensifies the effects of suggestion for most people, and this is the primary source of its therapeutic effects.

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A spectral analysis of cognitive and personality variables in hypnosis: Empirical disconfirmation of the two-factor model of hypnotic responding.

Cited by 57 publications

References 31 publications

Hypnotic phenomena and altered states of consciousness: a multilevel framework of description and explanation

Hypnotic phenomena and altered states of consciousness: a multilevel framework of description and explanation

Hypnotic Susceptibility: Multidimensional Relationships With Cloninger?s Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire, COMT Polymorphisms, Absorption, and Attentional Characteristics

The Response Set Theory of Hypnosis

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