A specific dietary fibre supplementation improves cognitive performance—an exploratory randomised, placebo-controlled, crossover study

Berding, Kirsten; Long-Smith, Caitríona M.; Carbia, Carina; Bastiaanssen, Thomaz F.S.; Wouw, Marcel van de; Wiley, Niamh; Strain, Conall; Fouhy, Fiona; Stanton, Catherine; Dinan, Timothy G.

doi:10.1007/s00213-020-05665-y

Cited by 56 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Its potential impact on behaviour associated with metabolic diseases including obesity remains unknown (Desmedt et al, 2019). A few studies have shown mood and/or cognitive benefits of prebiotics (Azpiroz et al, 2017;Berding et al, 2020;Childs et al, 2014;Costabile et al, 2010;Schmidt et al, 2015;Silk et al, 2009). Inulin is a prebiotic dietary fiber that promotes the growth of some beneficial bacteria, mostly Bifidobacterium, and Lactobacillus (Costabile et al, 2010;Dewulf et al, 2013;Healey et al, 2018;Slavin and Feirtag, 2011;Vandeputte et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prebiotic effect on mood in obese patients is determined by the initial gut microbiota composition: A randomized, controlled trial

Leyrolle¹,

Cserjési

Mulders

et al. 2021

Brain, Behavior, and Immunity

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This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prebiotic effect on mood in obese patients is determined by the initial gut microbiota composition: A randomized, controlled trial

Leyrolle¹,

Cserjési

Mulders

et al. 2021

Brain, Behavior, and Immunity

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“…87 In healthy participants, a decrease of attentional vigilance to negative (versus positive) information was observed after a three-week supplementation with B-immuno-galactooligosaccharide 88 and our lab recently showed that polydextrose led to subtle improvements in cognitive flexibility and sustained attention. 20 Likewise, improvements in recognition memory were observed after one acute dose of oligofructose-enriched inulin 89 and non-starch polysaccharide 84 in healthy adults. Although there is an increase in human intervention studies investigating the cognitive enhancing effects of prebiotics, a recent systematic review and meta-analysis concluded that the currently available evidence does not support the use of prebiotics to influence cognitive measures.…”

Section: Dietary Fiber and Cognition: What Do We Know?mentioning

confidence: 93%

“…cognitive flexibility, sustained attention, memory, verbal learning, social emotional cognition). 20,21 Thus, with the increasing need of deciphering underlying mechanisms of the effect of dietary fiber on the brain, gut microbes as well as metabolites produced by microbial digestion of fiber (e.g. short chain fatty acids (SCFA)) have risen as major candidates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Going with the grain: Fiber, cognition, and the microbiota-gut-brain-axis

Berding

Carbia

Cryan

2021

Exp Biol Med (Maywood)

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Healthy dietary intake has been acknowledged for decades as one of the main contributors to health. More recently, the field of nutritional psychiatry has progressed our understanding regarding the importance of nutrition in supporting mental health and cognitive function. Thereby, individual nutrients, including omega-3 fatty acids and polyphenols, have been recognized to be key drivers in this relationship. With the progress in appreciating the influence of dietary fiber on health, increasingly research is focusing on deciphering its role in brain processes. However, while the importance of dietary fiber in gastrointestinal and metabolic health is well established, leading to the development of associated health claims, the evidence is not conclusive enough to support similar claims regarding cognitive function. Albeit the increasing knowledge of the impact of dietary fiber on mental health, only a few human studies have begun to shed light onto the underexplored connection between dietary fiber and cognition. Moreover, the microbiota-gut-brain axis has emerged as a key conduit for the effects of nutrition on the brain, especially fibers, that are acted on by specific bacteria to produce a variety of health-promoting metabolites. These metabolites (including short chain fatty acids) as well as the vagus nerve, the immune system, gut hormones, or the kynurenine pathway have been proposed as underlying mechanisms of the microbiota-brain crosstalk. In this minireview, we summarize the evidence available from human studies on the association between dietary fiber intake and cognitive function. We provide an overview of potential underlying mechanisms and discuss remaining questions that need to be answered in future studies. While this field is moving at a fast pace and holds promise for future important discoveries, especially data from human cohorts are required to further our understanding and drive the development of public health recommendations regarding dietary fiber in brain health.

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“…To expand our analysis from that of microbiome hGM-FMT studies to that of other multifactorial diseases, we then examined published data from a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover design study in which the efficacy of a prebiotic dietary fiber (polydextrose) in improving cognitive performance an acute stress response in healthy individuals was investigated [87]. Using pre-and post-intervention data extrapolated from a figure in the publication, herein, we show that multimodality is present in human-derived outcomes.…”

Section: Multimodality In Human Outcome Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

‘Statistical Irreproducibility’ Does Not Improve with Larger Sample Size: How to Quantify and Address Disease Data Multimodality in Human and Animal Research

Basson

Cominelli

Rodriguez-Palacios

2021

JPM

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Poor study reproducibility is a concern in translational research. As a solution, it is recommended to increase sample size (N), i.e., add more subjects to experiments. The goal of this study was to examine/visualize data multimodality (data with >1 data peak/mode) as cause of study irreproducibility. To emulate the repetition of studies and random sampling of study subjects, we first used various simulation methods of random number generation based on preclinical published disease outcome data from human gut microbiota-transplantation rodent studies (e.g., intestinal inflammation and univariate/continuous). We first used unimodal distributions (one-mode, Gaussian, and binomial) to generate random numbers. We showed that increasing N does not reproducibly identify statistical differences when group comparisons are repeatedly simulated. We then used multimodal distributions (>1-modes and Markov chain Monte Carlo methods of random sampling) to simulate similar multimodal datasets A and B (t-test-p = 0.95; N = 100,000), and confirmed that increasing N does not improve the ‘reproducibility of statistical results or direction of the effects’. Data visualization with violin plots of categorical random data simulations with five-integer categories/five-groups illustrated how multimodality leads to irreproducibility. Re-analysis of data from a human clinical trial that used maltodextrin as dietary placebo illustrated multimodal responses between human groups, and after placebo consumption. In conclusion, increasing N does not necessarily ensure reproducible statistical findings across repeated simulations due to randomness and multimodality. Herein, we clarify how to quantify, visualize and address disease data multimodality in research. Data visualization could facilitate study designs focused on disease subtypes/modes to help understand person–person differences and personalized medicine.

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A specific dietary fibre supplementation improves cognitive performance—an exploratory randomised, placebo-controlled, crossover study

Cited by 56 publications

References 62 publications

Prebiotic effect on mood in obese patients is determined by the initial gut microbiota composition: A randomized, controlled trial

Prebiotic effect on mood in obese patients is determined by the initial gut microbiota composition: A randomized, controlled trial

Going with the grain: Fiber, cognition, and the microbiota-gut-brain-axis

‘Statistical Irreproducibility’ Does Not Improve with Larger Sample Size: How to Quantify and Address Disease Data Multimodality in Human and Animal Research

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