A Spatial Fuzzy Multicriteria Analysis of Accessibility: A Case Study in Brazil

Abstract

Accessibility is a well-established concept in sustainable transportation literature; however, it is often measured through accessibility models that are still being developed. This article presents an accessibility evaluation model that applies multiple attributes, fuzzy functions, and spatial analysis tools. The model determines indices that reflect an average level of attractiveness for each potential destination (deemed a location of interest-LI). Each destination has different weights based on its degree of importance. Moreover, the model was developed in two phases: The first considered cost-distance metrics, and the second incorporated ground friction factors. The application of the model provides great contribution to the region under study (Campos do Jordão, a city located in a mountainous region of the state of São Paulo), thus presenting some implications for sustainable urban planning and mobility policies, especially in segregated areas with mixed inhabitant populations between tourists and local residents. The results have shown that special attention should be paid to planning new school facilities and city transportation systems. Most of these services are currently concentrated in the city's downtown area, making access to urban facilities inefficient and unfair. Using the results in urban projects, the allocation of future urban facilities or the reallocation of current urban facilities contributes to reduced impacts on urban mobility caused by individual motorized transportation in daily activities.increasing quality of life as well as sustainable development, while also influencing the relationship of the spatial position of the dwelling in relation to the opportunities. The ability, quantity, and diversity of possibilities to access activities, services, places, information, and other people is an essential issue in the quality of urban space, serving as a counterpoint to the fragmentation and dispersion found in many contemporary cities [3].The value of accessibility as an integrative device, particularly in its ability to establish a connection between transportation and land use, has recently gained ground in institutions that can effectively wield it as a planning tool [4,5]. Murawskia and Church [6] introduced a model that can be used to maximize access to health facilities by making selected improvements to the road system. Paez et al. [7] illustrated how positive and normative accessibility indicators can be used in tandem, testing the extent to which the behavioral experiences of individuals conform to an existing policy or suggested norm. The pedestrian scale accessibility was studied by Foti and Waddell [8] through a hierarchical graph of tradeoffs between modes and integration of micro-scale land-use data to measure the full range of alternative destinations in the city. Campbell et al. [9] showed that place-based accessibility is comparatively better in contour and gravity measures. However, the wealthiest areas have very low levels of place-based accessibility for all modes, whi...

An Index for the Sustainability of Integrated Urban Transport and Logistics: The Case Study of São Paulo

“…Among the possible multi-criteria methods, such as PROMETHEE [29] and ELECTRE [30], AHP has the advantage of providing evaluators with a clear hierarchical decision structure, enabling participants who are not experts in the method to clearly understand the problem. Furthermore, the internal consistency check is particularly useful when involving evaluators who are not familiar with the multi-criteria method [31][32][33][34].…”

New Approach to Selecting Civil Defense Centers in Al-Riyadh City (KSA) Based on Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis and GIS

“…Finally, Section 4 summarizes the main conclusions. AHP Groundwater potential Saudi Arabia [31] AHP Land Use Suitability Saudi Arabia [26] AHP Developing a fire risk map Turkey [32] AHP Agricultural land use suitability Turkey [33] AHP Boolean logic Waste landfill sites Iran [34] Buffer zones Accessibility of fire hydrants Lithuania [35] Euclidean distance Health care facilities Saudi Arabia [36] Euclidean distance Emergency department accessibility United States [37] Fuzzy AHP Analysis of accessibility Brazil [25] Fuzzy AHP Optimal location for fire stations Turkey [38] Location-allocation Emergency evacuation planning Bangladesh [39] Location-allocation Locating fire stations Belgium [40] Location-allocation Available sites for fire stations India [41] Location-allocation Fire station allocation Iran Urban fire risk locations China [44] Service areas Fire response systems Ghana [45] Weighted overlay Site layout planning Turkey [46] WLC Best practice approach for WLC - [47] WLC Regional hazard map United States [16] MCE Viticulture suitability using MCE Syria [17] MCDA, MCDS Land suitability assessment Syria…”