A spatial assessment of &lt;i&gt;Brassica napus&lt;/i&gt; gene flow potential to wild and weedy relatives in the Fynbos Biome

McGeoch, Melodie A.; Kalwij, Jesse M.; Rhodes, JW

doi:10.4102/sajs.v105i3/4.57

Cited by 7 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…The numbers of publications which reported hybridization were recorded. Successes were scored if the publications reported formation of hybrid progeny (FitzJohn et al, 2007 ; McGeoch et al, 2009 ; Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2013 ) and ranked accordingly. In cases where literature recorded hybridization evidence between Saccharum hybrids and wild relatives, the following approaches were undertaken: (i) if target species were reported to hybridize with Saccharum hybrids, the number of publications and successes were recorded and scored 1 per event; (ii) if species not found in South Africa hybridized with Saccharum hybrids, and the genus is present in the sugar production area, the species from such genera were treated as reproductively compatible with commercial sugarcane and the number of publications and successes recorded and scored 0.5 per event.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The qualitative assessment to determine the likelihood of wild relatives co-occurring with cultivated sugarcane, which may enhance gene flow potential, was based on the following factors: prevalence, spatial overlap, proximity, distribution potential, gene flow potential, and flowering times (Ellstrand et al, 1999 ; Chapman and Burke, 2006 ; Schmidt and Bothma, 2006 ; Tesso et al, 2008 ; McGeoch et al, 2009 ; Andriessen, 2015 ). All target species were assessed and ranked per factor, whereby species with highest rank was scored 11 and species with lowest rank was scored 1.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One aspect of GM crop cultivation that requires assessment prior to commercial release is establishing the likelihood of lateral gene flow between related plant species. Hybridization is only possible between a crop plant and a wild relative if a number of barriers to gene flow are traversed (McGeoch et al, 2009 ). According to den Nijs et al ( 2004 ), successful gene transfer (barrier crossing) requires plant populations to: (a) overlap spatially; (b) overlap temporally (flowering periods); and (c) be sufficiently close biologically that the resulting hybrids are fertile, facilitating introgression of genetic material into a new population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessing the Likelihood of Gene Flow From Sugarcane (Saccharum Hybrids) to Wild Relatives in South Africa

Snyman

Komape

Khanyi

et al. 2018

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Pre-commercialization studies on environmental biosafety of genetically modified (GM) crops are necessary to evaluate the potential for sexual hybridization with related plant species that occur in the release area. The aim of the study was a preliminary assessment of factors that may contribute to gene flow from sugarcane (Saccharum hybrids) to indigenous relatives in the sugarcane production regions of Mpumalanga and KwaZulu-Natal provinces, South Africa. In the first instance, an assessment of Saccharum wild relatives was conducted based on existing phylogenies and literature surveys. The prevalence, spatial overlap, proximity, distribution potential, and flowering times of wild relatives in sugarcane production regions based on the above, and on herbaria records and field surveys were conducted for Imperata, Sorghum, Cleistachne, and Miscanthidium species. Eleven species were selected for spatial analyses based on their presence within the sugarcane cultivation region: four species in the Saccharinae and seven in the Sorghinae. Secondly, fragments of the nuclear internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of the 5.8s ribosomal gene and two chloroplast genes, ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase (rbcL), and maturase K (matK) were sequenced or assembled from short read data to confirm relatedness between Saccharum hybrids and its wild relatives. Phylogenetic analyses of the ITS cassette showed that the closest wild relative species to commercial sugarcane were Miscanthidium capense, Miscanthidium junceum, and Narenga porphyrocoma. Sorghum was found to be more distantly related to Saccharum than previously described. Based on the phylogeny described in our study, the only species to highlight in terms of evolutionary divergence times from Saccharum are those within the genus Miscanthidium, most especially M. capense, and M. junceum which are only 3 million years divergent from Saccharum. Field assessment of pollen viability of 13 commercial sugarcane cultivars using two stains, iodine potassium iodide (IKI) and triphenyl tetrazolium chloride, showed decreasing pollen viability (from 85 to 0%) from the north to the south eastern regions of the study area. Future work will include other aspects influencing gene flow such as cytological compatibility and introgression between sugarcane and Miscanthidium species.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessing the Likelihood of Gene Flow From Sugarcane (Saccharum Hybrids) to Wild Relatives in South Africa

Snyman

Komape

Khanyi

et al. 2018

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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“…Currently, 45 000 ha of canola is planted in the Western Cape 107 ; and this figure is set to increase. 108,109 However, canola is produced in rotation with other cereal crops on a 1-in-5 or 1-in-10 year cycle, 106 depending on individual farming practices, and not all canola fields are suitable for apiary sites because of heavy pesticide use which increases the risk of colony losses. 88,104 As a result, it is challenging to predict the availability of canola in any particular year or its contribution to apiary sites in maintaining managed honeybees for pollination services.…”

Section: Crops (Canola Brassica Napus) -Late Winter/early Springmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollination ecosystem services in South African agricultural systems

et al. 2014

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Insect pollinators, both managed and wild, have become a focus of global scientific, political and media attention because of their apparent decline and the perceived impact of this decline on crop production. Crop pollination by insects is an essential ecosystem service that increases the yield and quality of approximately 35% of crops worldwide. Pollinator declines are a consequence of multiple environmental pressures, e.g. habitat transformation and fragmentation, loss of floral resources, pesticides, pests and diseases, and climate change. Similar environmental pressures are faced in South Africa where there is a high demand for pollination services. In this paper, we synthesise data on the importance of different pollinators as a basis for services to South African crops and on the status of managed honeybees. We also focus on insect pollination services for the Western Cape deciduous fruit industry, which is worth ZAR9800 million per year and is heavily reliant on pollination services from managed honeybees. We discuss landscape and regional level floral resources needed to maintain sufficient numbers of managed honeybee colonies. In summary, the available literature shows a lack of data on diversity and abundance of crop pollinators, and a lack of longterm data to assess declines. We highlight key areas that require research in South Africa and emphasise the critical role of floral resource availability at the landscape and regional scale to sustain pollinators. We conclude that understanding the dynamics of how floral resources are used will help inform how landscapes could be better managed in order to provide long-term sustainable pollination services.

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“…It is a pest species in agriculture fields in parts of its native range and Australia (Ahmed, Fawzy, Saeed, & Awad, 2015;El-Saied, El-Ghamry, Khafagi, Powell, & Bedair, 2015;Salisbury, Potter, Gurung, Mailer, & Williams, 2018), but it also has traditional dietary uses and economic value in regions where it is cultivated (Guarrera & Savo, 2016;Singh, Semwal, & Bhatt, 2015). Sahara mustard is an invasive throughout much of Australia (Chauhan, Gill, & Preston, 2006), South Africa (McGeoch, Kalwij, & Rhodes, 2009), Chile (Teillier, Prina, & Lund, 2014), and more recently, western North America (Li, Dlugosch, & Enquist, 2015). It germinates under a wide range of temperatures, light, soil conditions, and depths (Bangle, Walker, & Powell, 2008;Chauhan et al, 2006;Jurado & Westoby, 1992;Thanos et al, 1991), and it produces seeds rapidly (ca.…”

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confidence: 99%

Multiple introductions and population structure during the rapid expansion of the invasive Sahara mustard (Brassica tournefortii)

Winkler

Chapin

Ochsenbein

et al. 2019

Ecology and Evolution

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The specific mechanisms that result in the success of any species invasion case are difficult to document. Reproductive strategies are often cited as a primary driver of invasive success, with human activities further facilitating invasions by, for example, acting as seed vectors for dispersal via road, train, air, and marine traffic, and by producing efficient corridors for movement including canals, drainages, and roadways. Sahara mustard ( Brassica tournefortii ) is a facultative autogamous annual native to Eurasia that has rapidly invaded the southwestern United States within the past century, displacing natives, and altering water‐limited landscapes in the southwest. We used a genotyping‐by‐sequencing approach to study the population structure and spatial geography of Sahara mustard from 744 individuals from 52 sites across the range of the species’ invasion. We also used herbaria records to model range expansion since its initial introduction in the 1920s. We found that Sahara mustard occurs as three populations in the United States unstructured by geography, identified three introduction sites, and combined herbaria records with genomic analyses to map the spread of the species. Low genetic diversity and linkage disequilibrium are consistent with self‐fertilization, which likely promoted rapid invasive spread. Overall, we found that Sahara mustard experienced atypical expansion patterns, with a relatively constant rate of expansion and without the lag phase that is typical of many invasive species.

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A spatial assessment of <i>Brassica napus</i> gene flow potential to wild and weedy relatives in the Fynbos Biome

Cited by 7 publications

References 58 publications

Assessing the Likelihood of Gene Flow From Sugarcane (Saccharum Hybrids) to Wild Relatives in South Africa

Assessing the Likelihood of Gene Flow From Sugarcane (Saccharum Hybrids) to Wild Relatives in South Africa

Pollination ecosystem services in South African agricultural systems

Multiple introductions and population structure during the rapid expansion of the invasive Sahara mustard (Brassica tournefortii)

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