A sorbitol transporter gene plays specific role in the occurrence of watercore by modulating the level of intercellular sorbitol in pear

Liu, Xiao; Shen, Yan; Liu, Dong-He; Liu, Jing; Zhang, Jing; Wei, Jun; Chun-lei, Wang

doi:10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111179

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…In the present study, analysis the key genes of TCA cycle and glycolysis showed that the succinate was accumulated and the glycolysis pathway was enhanced in watercore fruit. Together with our previous research [ 4 , 5 ], it suggested that the over accumulated intercellular spaces sorbitol induced hypoxic stress leads to metabolic changes and accelerate fruit decay and poor flavor.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

“…The cause of higher sorbitol accumulation is attributed to lower sorbitol transporter expression in watercore affected tissue [ 3 ]. Instead of transporting sorbitol into fruit storage parenchyma, it accumulates in intercellular spaces, and thus decreases intercellular space volume, which we speculate it can lead to hypoxia stress and ultimately, changing the internal flavor [ 4 , 5 ]. Plant adaptation to hypoxia is quiescence strategy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Watercore Pear Fruit Respiration Changed and Accumulated γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) in Response to Inner Hypoxia Stress

Liu

Chen

et al. 2022

Genes

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Watercore is a physiological disorder which often occurs on the pear fruit and the excessive accumulation of sorbitol in fruit intercellular space is considered to be an important cause of watercore. Our previous studies found that the metabolic disorder of sugars may lead to hypoxia stress and disturb respiration, resulting in aggravated fruit rot and the formation of bitter substances. However, the further changes of respiration and the fruit response mechanism are not well understood. A comprehensive transcriptome analysis of ‘Akibae’ pear watercore fruit was performed in this study. The transcriptome results revealed the hypoxia stress significantly induced the expression of several key enzymes in the TCA cycle and may lead to the accumulation of succinic acid in watercore fruit. The glycolytic pathway was also significantly enhanced in watercore fruit. Moreover, the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) synthesis related genes, glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) genes and polyamine oxidase (PAO) genes, which associated with the GABA shunt and the polyamine degradation pathway were significantly upregulated. In addition, the PpGAD1 transcript level increased significantly along with the increase of GAD activity and GABA content in the watercore fruit. Above all, these findings suggested that the hypoxic response was marked by a significant increase of the hypoxia-inducible metabolites succinic acid and GABA and that PpGAD1 may play a key role in response to watercore by controlling the GABA synthesis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Watercore Pear Fruit Respiration Changed and Accumulated γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) in Response to Inner Hypoxia Stress

Liu

Chen

et al. 2022

Genes

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“…Sugar metabolism in fruit is a very complex process, and the accumulation of sugars is mainly regulated by a variety of enzymes. During the development of apple fruit, there is a close relationship with the activities of enzymes such as sucrose‐related enzymes and SDH (Liu et al., 2022). The enzymes related to sugar metabolism in apple fruit mainly include SDH, SPS, SS and NI, and their corresponding activity varied at the different post‐harvesting stages.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in physicochemical property and its potential regulatory mechanism for the formation of water core of the Fuji apples post‐harvesting

Wang

Zhuang

et al. 2023

Int J of Food Sci Tech

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Summary This study analysed the factors for influencing the occurrence of water core in apples and proposed a potential metabolism following its post‐harvesting. By comparing the ordinary pulp and the region within the water core in different post‐harvesting stages of the Fuji apples, although the occurrence of water core did not significantly change the appearance of the apples, its interior firmness decreased with increased cell permeability. Furthermore, fructose content decreased, and sorbitol content increased rapidly accompanied by a reduction of sorbitol dehydrogenase activity at the site of water core. The cell morphology also demonstrated that the cells became denser and the blue aggregates formed. It indicated that the cell walls were saturated with locally highly accumulated sorbitol, followed by visualised transparent spots. In summary, the occurrence of water core during the post‐harvesting of Fuji apples was found to be related to the increased sorbitol content and the corresponding decreased dehydrogenase activity.

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“…As sorbitol content is the key factor affecting the occurrence of fruit watercore (Liu et al, 2022;Nishitani et al, 2020), we first detected sorbitol content in ripe apple fruit (175-180 DAFB) in 2018 (Figure S1). Sorbitol content in WW (watercore flesh from fruit with watercore) exhibited a significantly higher level compared to HW (healthy flesh from fruit with watercore) and was significantly elevated compared to H (healthy flesh from healthy fruit) (Figure 1a).…”

Section: An Increase In Sorbitol Content Leads To Watercore Formation...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have demonstrated that the abnormal accumulation of sorbitol in fruit is a key factor in watercore occurrence (Bowen & Watkins, 1997;Liu et al, 2022). In tissue without a watercore, sorbitol undergoes conversion into fructose catalyzed by sorbitol dehydrogenase.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Ca²⁺‐MdCRF4‐MdWRKY9 module negatively affects apple fruit watercore formation by suppressing the transcription of MdSOT2

Li,

Si,

Wang

et al. 2024

The Plant Journal

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SUMMARYWatercore is a common physiological disease of Rosaceae plants, such as apples (Malus domestica), usually occurring during fruit ripening. Apple fruit with watercore symptoms is prone to browning and rotting, thus losing commercial viability. Sorbitol and calcium ions are considered key factors affecting watercore occurrence in apples. However, the mechanism by which they affect the occurrence of watercore remains unclear. Here, we identified that the transcription factor MdWRKY9 directly binds to the promoter of MdSOT2, positively regulates the transcription of MdSOT2, increases sorbitol content in fruit, and promotes watercore occurrence. Additionally, MdCRF4 can directly bind to MdWRKY9 and MdSOT2 promoters, positively regulating their expression. Since calcium ions can induce the ubiquitination and degradation of the transcription factor MdCRF4, they can inhibit the transcription of MdWRKY9 and MdSOT2 by degrading MdCRF4, thereby reducing the sorbitol content in fruit and inhibiting the occurrence of fruit watercore disease. Our data sheds light on how calcium ions mitigate watercore in fruit, providing molecular‐level insights to enhance fruit quality artificially.

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A sorbitol transporter gene plays specific role in the occurrence of watercore by modulating the level of intercellular sorbitol in pear

Cited by 7 publications

References 31 publications

Watercore Pear Fruit Respiration Changed and Accumulated γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) in Response to Inner Hypoxia Stress

Watercore Pear Fruit Respiration Changed and Accumulated γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) in Response to Inner Hypoxia Stress

Changes in physicochemical property and its potential regulatory mechanism for the formation of water core of the Fuji apples post‐harvesting

The Ca²⁺‐MdCRF4‐MdWRKY9 module negatively affects apple fruit watercore formation by suppressing the transcription of MdSOT2

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A sorbitol transporter gene plays specific role in the occurrence of watercore by modulating the level of intercellular sorbitol in pear

Cited by 7 publications

References 31 publications

Watercore Pear Fruit Respiration Changed and Accumulated γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) in Response to Inner Hypoxia Stress

Watercore Pear Fruit Respiration Changed and Accumulated γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) in Response to Inner Hypoxia Stress

Changes in physicochemical property and its potential regulatory mechanism for the formation of water core of the Fuji apples post‐harvesting

The Ca2+‐MdCRF4‐MdWRKY9 module negatively affects apple fruit watercore formation by suppressing the transcription of MdSOT2

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The Ca²⁺‐MdCRF4‐MdWRKY9 module negatively affects apple fruit watercore formation by suppressing the transcription of MdSOT2