A solution-processable copper(<scp>ii</scp>) phthalocyanine derivative as a dopant-free hole-transporting material for efficient and stable carbon counter electrode-based perovskite solar cells

Jiang, Xiaoqing; Yu, Ze; Li, Hai‐Bei; Yong, Zhao; Qu, Jishuang; Lai, Jianbo; Ma, Wanying; Wang, Dongping; Yang, Xichuan; Sun, Licheng

doi:10.1039/c7ta04569g

Cited by 68 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…[135] Furthermore, the PSCs using CuPc HTMs showed much better long-term stability than the cells using spiro-OMeTAD HTMs. [144] The substitution increased the ease of thin-film fabrication and led to higher carrier mobility compared with CuPc. This cost-effective device demonstrated an impressive PCE of 16.1% with high reproducibility, which is comparable to or even a little higher than that of the devices with state-of-the-art doped spiro-OMeTAD as HTMs and noble metal Au as a cathode.…”

Section: Wwwadvancedsciencenewscommentioning

confidence: 99%

Less is More: Dopant‐Free Hole Transporting Materials for High‐Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells

Zhou

Wen

Gao

2018

Advanced Energy Materials

251

217

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years, the demands for reducing the fabrication costs and the energy payback time of photovoltaic devices led to the invention of emerging third-generation PV technologies, such as dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), organic photovoltaic (OPV), quantum dots solar cells, and the latest perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Among them, PSC is the only technology that combines both merits of low processing energy cost and high power conversion efficiency (PCE), which makes it possible to replace the silicon-based PV technology.Since the first reports by Bach and Grätzel et al. about the use of 2,2′,7,7′tetrakis(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenylamine)-9,9′-spirobifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD) as the hole-transporting material (HTM) in solid-state DSSCs (ssDSSC), spiro-OMeTAD becomes the benchmark of all the new HTMs developed for ssDSSC and PSCs. Contrary to the popular myth, spiro-OMeTAD is not completely amorphous but a semi-crystalline organic p-type semiconductor with a glass transition temperature of 121 °C and a melting point of 246 °C. [1] Its chemical structure is shown in Figure 1a and Grätzel's lab first revealed the crystal structure in 2014 [2] ( Figure 1b). It has a large bandgap of 2.98 eV and yields almost colorless thin films when deposited from solution in organic solvents such as toluene or chlorobenzene. The first oxidation potential of spiro-OMeTAD is found to be approximately −5.1 eV as derived from electrochemical and photoelectron spectroscopy measurements. [3] In the case of the solid-state PSCs reported since 2012, [4,5] the PCE of lab-made devices has increased from 9.7% [6] to above 21% [7] in 2017, owing to the improvement in the perovskite composition and device engineering. However, on account of several desirable properties, (i) favorable glass transition temperature; (ii) reasonable solubility; (iii) proper ionization potential; (iii) low visible light absorption; and (iv) appropriate solid-state morphology, spiro-OMeTAD has remained as the material of choice when high PCEs are demanded. Due to the fact that spiro-OMeTAD suffers from a relatively low conductivity in its pristine form, all the eyecatching PCEs were achieved by adding additives and/or dopants-a standard technique used to tune the electrical properties of both organic and inorganic semiconductors. Typical additives including 4-tert-butylpyridine (TBP) and lithium bis(trifluoromethyl sulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) were added to the spin-coating formulation of spiro-MeOTAD and Perovskite solar cells have delivered power conversion efficiency beyond 22% in less than seven years, implying the potential for the paradigm shift of lowcost photovoltaics with high efficiency and low embedded energy. Besides the "perovskite fever," the development of new hole transport materials (HTM), especially dopant-free HTMs, is another research hotspot. This is because the currently used HTMs, such as spiro-OMeTAD derivatives, require additional chemical doping process to ensure sufficient conductivity and proper ionic potential level for efficient hole transport and colle...

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Section: Wwwadvancedsciencenewscommentioning

confidence: 99%

Less is More: Dopant‐Free Hole Transporting Materials for High‐Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells

Zhou

Wen

Gao

2018

Advanced Energy Materials

251

217

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“…PSC architecture is quite simple in its standard configuration: a conductive glass (or plastic foil) supports an electron extraction layer (like TiO 2 or SnO 2 ), on top of which the perovskite‐active material is deposited. A hole‐transporting material (HTM) is coated above the perovskite layer, and gold back‐contacts are evaporated on the top of the cell . Sunlight absorption leads to charge‐generation, and both negative and positive charge carriers are transported through the perovskite to charge selective contacts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PSC architecture is quite simple in its standard configuration:aconductive glass (or plastic foil) supports an electron extraction layer (like TiO 2 or SnO 2 [13] ), on top of which the perovskite-active material is deposited.Ahole-transporting material (HTM) is coated above the perovskite layer,a nd gold backcontactsa re evaporated on the top of the cell. [14][15][16][17] Sunlight absorption leads to charge-generation, and both negative and positivec hargec arriers are transported through the perovskite to charges electivec ontacts.T he core of this device is the perovskitel ayer,b earing ag eneric structure ABX 3 ,i nw hich Ai sa monovalentc ation (like methylammonium CH 3 NH 3 + ,f ormamidinium CH 2 (NH 2 ) 2 + ,C s + ,R b + ), Bs tands for Pb II or Sn II and X for Io rB r. [18] The successo ft his materials is given by its outstanding optoelectronic properties,m erging high absorption coefficient and mobility,l ow exciton binding energy and long balanced carrier diffusion length; [19][20][21][22][23] moreover,t he device can also work in the inverted configuration. [24] Several review articles have been published on strategies to improve the performance of laboratory-scale PSCs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perovskite Solar Cells: From the Laboratory to the Assembly Line

Abate

Correa-Baena

Saliba

et al. 2017

Chemistry A European J

125

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Despite the fact that perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have a strong potential as a next-generation photovoltaic technology due to continuous efficiency improvements and the tunable properties, some important obstacles remain before industrialization is feasible. For example, the selection of low-cost or easy-to-prepare materials is essential for back-contacts and hole-transporting layers. Likewise, the choice of conductive substrates, the identification of large-scale manufacturing techniques as well as the development of appropriate aging protocols are key objectives currently under investigation by the international scientific community. This Review analyses the above aspects and highlights the critical points that currently limit the industrial production of PSCs and what strategies are emerging to make these solar cells the leaders in the photovoltaic field.

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“…Solution‐processable charge‐transporting materials have been extensively investigated for various optoelectronic devices including solar cells, field‐effect transistors (FETs), photodetectors (PDs), and organic and inorganic light‐emitting diodes (LEDs). In particular, the excellent solution processability of organic small molecules has allowed facile, large‐scale, low‐cost preparation of flexible devices . In most solution‐processed organic devices, however, simultaneous achievement of both high device performance and good processability is challenging because of the limited solubility of organic charge‐transporting materials, which prevents uniform film formation .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, the excellent solution processability of organic small molecules has allowed facile, large-scale, low-costp reparation of flexible devices. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] In mosts olution-processed organic devices, however,s imultaneous achievemento fb oth high device performance and good processability is challenging because of the limited solubility of organic charge-transporting materials, which prevents uniform film formation. [9][10][11] Many small-molecule charge-transporting materials consisting of pconjugated bridges suffer from low film-forming ability and/or poor solubility in organic solvents, owing to the strongi ntraand intermolecular interactions (e.g., p-p interactions and hydrogen bonds).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Homochiral Asymmetric‐Shaped Electron‐Transporting Materials for Efficient Non‐Fullerene Perovskite Solar Cells

et al. 2018

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A design strategy is proposed for electron‐transporting materials (ETMs) with homochiral asymmetric‐shaped groups for highly efficient non‐fullerene perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The electron transporting N,N′‐bis[(R)‐1‐phenylethyl]naphthalene‐1,4,5,8‐tetracarboxylic diimide (NDI‐PhE) consists of two asymmetric‐shaped chiral (R)‐1‐phenylethyl (PhE) groups that act as solubilizing groups by reducing molecular symmetry and increasing the free volume. NDI‐PhE exhibits excellent film‐forming ability with high solubility in various organic solvents [about two times higher solubility than the widely used fullerene‐based phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) in o‐dichlorobenzene]. NDI‐PhE ETM‐based inverted PSCs exhibit very high power conversion efficiencies (PCE) of up to 20.5 % with an average PCE of 18.74±0.95 %, which are higher than those of PCBM ETM‐based PSCs. The high PCE of NDI‐PhE ETM‐based PSCs may be attributed to good film‐forming abilities and to three‐dimensional isotropic electron transporting capabilities. Therefore, introducing homochiral asymmetric‐shaped groups onto charge‐transporting materials is a good strategy for achieving high device performance.

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A solution-processable copper(ii) phthalocyanine derivative as a dopant-free hole-transporting material for efficient and stable carbon counter electrode-based perovskite solar cells

Abstract: A solution-processable copper(ii) phthalocyanine derivative CuPc-TIPS has been explored as a dopant-free hole-transporting material in carbon counter electrode-based perovskite solar cells.

Cited by 68 publications

References 43 publications

Less is More: Dopant‐Free Hole Transporting Materials for High‐Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells

Less is More: Dopant‐Free Hole Transporting Materials for High‐Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells

Perovskite Solar Cells: From the Laboratory to the Assembly Line

Homochiral Asymmetric‐Shaped Electron‐Transporting Materials for Efficient Non‐Fullerene Perovskite Solar Cells

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