A smartphone‐based U‐Healthcare system for real‐time monitoring of acute myocardial infarction

Abstract

In recent years, medical service has been evolving from systems designed around centralized hospitals to Ubiquitous Healthcare (U-Healthcare). U-Healthcare system can facilitate real-time monitoring of patient states, and can provide medical checkups and management whenever and wherever the medical staff deems necessary. U-Healthcare services can provide chronic condition monitoring in the early stages of diseases and help execute decisive medical action in emergencies. However, thus far, the application of U-Healthcare systems has been limited to diseases such as obesity, diabetes, etc. Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is among the most critical chronic diseases and requires early detection and treatment. In this paper, we propose an AMI diagnostic software technique and protocol that can support real-time communication between the patient and medical personnel. Our monitoring and diagnostic system has been developed using a protocol based on ISO/IEEE 11073. When data is transferred from the patient's smartphone to a server in hospital, the medical personnel consult the patient's biosensor data to determine the status of the relevant disease and provide appropriate medical service. The relevant information is sent back to the patient's smartphone through a wireless network, and patients can view their data in graphical format through their smartphone. Figure 3 shows the network structure of our proposed AMI U-Healthcare system. We apply the following technologies in the AMI detection system: (i) A microneedle for blood sample extraction [23], (ii) a flow-through hole layer and a microfluidic layer to separate serum in the blood sample, (iii) three-dimensional (3D) bio-electrical sensors to detect AMI cardiac markers (cardiac troponin T (cTnT) and I (cTnI), creatine kinase MB (CK-MB) isoenzyme, and myoglobin), and (iv) signal processing circuits [24,25]. A smartphone is an ideal device for U-Healthcare communication for the following reasons: (i) Most people tend to keep their smartphone within an accessible distance; (ii) one can use smartphones to communicate practically anywhere, and (iii) smartphones are sufficiently powerful to perform a number of complex tasks.We designed an Android-based application to control our AMI detection device and collect AMI cardiac marker data. This application enables a patient, or a hospital that needs a patient's medical information, to review their personal information, AMI prognostic information, and information regarding the relevant medical personnel. The patient's cardiac marker data, along with their personal information and diagnostic history, are stored on a server. The data is accessed by medical personnel using a client software [26]. The application transmits the patient's cardiac marker data to a hospital server over third-generation (3G) or Wi-Fi infrastructure [27]. The AMI Detection Device is equipped with three sets of replaceable cardiac marker detection sensors [25,28]. Cardiac marker data measured by these sensors can be transferred to a server at any sched...

Development of a Telemetric, Miniaturized Electrochemical Amperometric Analyzer

“…Subsequently, it was possible to apply the proposed analyzer to the ISO/IEEE 11073 standard protocol because the WT-12 attached to the PCB supports a personal health device (PHD) with Bluetooth 4.0. By developing a wireless healthcare based on the researched analyzer with the application of this protocol, we expect to achieve enhance data transmission efficiency and compatibility with other communication devices [ 27 ].…”

Policy Considerations for Mobile Biosensors

“…This type of interface can be found in some wearable biosensors, that is, biosensors that are in direct contact with the body, whether in the form of bandages, clothing, or other accessories. Wearables can use smartphones to relay data from the biosensor to a healthcare provider. − In some cases, the biosensors upload data to a cloud service for analysis and monitoring from a hospital . Should the biosensor data indicate an urgent medical condition, then the use of a smartphone or other mobile communications device allows a healthcare provider to inform a patient that they should come in for treatment.…”

“…From the smartphone, data is transmitted to a server at a healthcare facility where it can be securely accessed by a doctor for review. Reprinted in part with permission from ref . Copyright 2015 Wiley Online Library.…”

“…The device collects a blood sample, filters the serum, and then detects the biomarkers by passing the serum over antibody coated electrodes. The device processes the signals and relays the results to a healthcare professional all in 14 min …”

“…Results are transmitted to a smartphone and then relayed to a doctor. Reprinted in part with permission from ref . Copyright 2015 Wiley Online Library.…”