A smart and versatile theranostic nanomedicine platform based on nanoporphyrin

Abstract

Multifunctional nanoparticles with combined diagnostic and therapeutic functions show great promise towards personalized nanomedicine. However, attaining consistently high performance of these functions in vivo in one single nano-construct remains extremely challenging. Here we demonstrate the use of one single polymer to develop a smart “all-in-one” nanoporphyrin platform that conveniently integrates a broad range of clinically relevant functions. Nanoporphyrins can be used as amplifiable multimodality nanoprobes for near-infrared fluorescence imaging (NIRFI), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET) and dual modal PET-MRI. Nanoporphyrins greatly increase the imaging sensitivity for tumor detection through background suppression in blood, as well as preferential accumulation and signal amplification in tumors. Nanoporphyrins also function as multiphase nanotransducers that can efficiently convert light to heat inside tumors for photothermal-therapy (PTT), and light to singlet oxygen for photodynamic-therapy (PDT). Furthermore, nanoporphyrins act as programmable releasing nanocarriers for targeted delivery of drugs into tumors.

A highly efficient and tumor vascular-targeting therapeutic technique with size-expansible gadofullerene nanocrystals

“…It was reported that with time the concentration of some intravenously (IV) administered nanosized anticancer drugs at the tumors could become several folds higher than that in normal tissues [9,10]. Naturally, the central focus of current studies has been on how to increase the retention and accumulation of nanoparticles in tumor vasculatures for better tumor targeting therapy and imaging [11][12][13]. Although the extravasation mechanism of nanomaterials is not fully understood yet due to the endothelial biodiversity, it has been observed that the permeability of tumor blood vessels can indeed be affected by the nanoparticles of different sizes and shapes in many theoretical and experimental studies [14,15].…”

BSA-assisted synthesis of ultrasmall gallic acid–Fe(III) coordination polymer nanoparticles for cancer theranostics

“…13 Given the pitfalls of inorganic materials, an increasing number of organic nanotheranostic platforms are under intense investigation. Organic platforms contain benign ingredients and are easily degraded, [14][15][16] thus offering higher biological compatibility. 17,18 Indeed, several protein-related theranostic agents have been approved by the FDA for clinical use, including the albumin-paclitaxel NP Abraxane (nab-paclitaxel; Celgene, Summit, NJ, USA).…”

Stimuli-responsive clustered nanoparticles for improved tumor penetration and therapeutic efficacy

“…These obstacles existing in the body could considerably prevent nanomedicine from reaching its targets in a sufficient drug concentration (7,8). To overcome these barriers, a variety of strategies have been envisioned (9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18). Despite great advances, these strategies have mainly focused on one or a few biological barriers and led to suboptimal therapeutic effect.…”