A Six-Port Reflectometer and its Complete Characterization by Convenient Calibration Procedures

Ultra Wideband Microwave Multi-Port Reflectometer in Microstrip-Slot Technology: Operation, Design and Applications

“…Assuming the standards are phased by at least 45 to obtain sufficient calibration accuracy, fixed positions of the short could be employed over a bandwidth of approximately 5:1 (Riblet & Hanson, 1982). To calibrate the developed reflectometer, the method using six calibration standards, as proposed by Hunter and Somlo in (Somlo & Hunter, 1982), is chosen. This method offers a straight forward solution for the reflectometer constants and employs simple equations, which lead to the easy practical implementation of the calibration algorithm the frequency band of 3 to 11 GHz is obtained from measurements performed with the conventional Vector Network Analyser (HP8510C).…”

Advanced Microwave Circuits and Systems

“…Assuming the standards are phased by at least 45 to obtain sufficient calibration accuracy, fixed positions of the short could be employed over a bandwidth of approximately 5:1 (Riblet & Hanson, 1982). To calibrate the developed reflectometer, the method using six calibration standards, as proposed by Hunter and Somlo in (Somlo & Hunter, 1982), is chosen. This method offers a straight forward solution for the reflectometer constants and employs simple equations, which lead to the easy practical implementation of the calibration algorithm In the chosen calibration procedure, three coaxial standard loads (matched load, open and short circuit), two phased-short circuits and an intermediate termination with magnitude of approximately 0.5 are used.…”

Software-Defined Six-Port Radar Technique for Precision Range Measurements

“…Many six-port calibration techniques have been developed [19], [20], from which the calibration method outlined by Woods-Somlo-Hunter is selected for the purposes of this work [21]. A relation between the complex reflect coefficient of the load at port 2 and the power levels at ports 3-6 in the six-port is described by an equation formulated by Woods [21] as follows:…”

“…Without loss of generality, these constants may be normalized by setting , leaving 11 real constants to be determined from (3) by a suitable calibration procedure involving the successive connection of known terminations (standard reflections) to the measuring port. Five and a half terminations [21] are used in this calibration procedure: four phased (offset) short terminations, a matched load, and an intermediate termination with a reflection coefficient . The phase of the intermediate reflection does not need to be known a priori.…”