“…Later on, Zhang et al [18] studied the noncooperative and cooperative strategies of customers in the context of a retrial queueing model where the server is subject to vacations, breakdowns and repairs. However, although more attention has been paid on the analysis of discrete time queueing models with unreliable server, such as Atencia and Moreno [1], Bruneel [2], Fiems et al [5][6], Moreno [9], Morozov et al [10], Vinck and Bruneel [14], Wang and Zhang [16][17], among others, it is found that there is no work concerning the equilibrium balking behavior in the discrete-time queues with server breakdowns and repairs.…”