A single port frequency reconfigurable antenna for underlay/interweave cognitive radio

Abstract

<span>A frequency reconfigurable antenna is presented in this paper as a novel single port system gathering the functionalities of both underlay and interweave cognitive radio. This 25×30×0.8 mm<sup>3</sup> system involves a wide slot antenna to cover the ultra wide band (UWB) range with resonating stubs that are used to prohibit/work-only-in specific bands within the UWB frequencies. Here, six positive intrinsic negative (PIN) diodes are used to decide the active sections of the antenna that leads to select its operation as UWB/filtering/multiband antenna. Diodes' configuration results in eight useful operation modes that include a scanning mode, four single band-notch modes and three dual band communication modes. The scanning mode covers the entire UWB range while one of the bands allocated for WiMax, Cband, WLAN or Xband is to be excluded in each of the band-notch modes. On the other hand, each communaication mode is able to work in one of the ranges that cover WiMax/Cband, Cband/WLAN or Xband/international telecommunication union (ITU). S11, realized gain, voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) outcomes of this design that is simulated by computer simulation technology (CST) v.10 all confirms the proposed system's ability to work in the intended modes. Its novelity to work as interweave/underlay cognitive radio system, highly candidates this design to address many of the UWB communication issues related interference and multiband operation</span>

Design and analysis of frequency reconfigurable antenna in S-band

“…In this state, the antenna reaches a maximum peak gain of 7.35 dBi. Table 1 shows that a single antenna or a series of antennas in various arrangements, as a wideband antenna, as a multiband antenna, or in various forms of antennas [24], [25], have been proposed and developed by the respective authors for different frequency bands and different applications. Table 2 summarizes the RL and peak gains (simulated and measured) as a function of 2.1, 2.4, and 3.0 GHz frequencies for the designed antenna for all states (i.e., S0, S1, S2, and S3).…”

A quad-port multiple-input-multiple-output system for underlay or interweave cognitive radio

“…The on/off configuration of these diodes affects the operation of the antenna by enabling/disabling specific slots in the UWB set of antennas or specific radiating stubs in the communication set of antennas. Figure 5 shows the the equivalent circuits of the 4005-HPND PIN diode, where these circuits of the ON and OFF states of the diode are shown in Figure 5(a) and Figure 5(b) respectively [14], [15]. Useable configuration states of the PIN diodes of the proposed work along with the details of related operation modes are tabulated in Table 1.…”

A 2 shape slot microstrip patch antenna for global positioning system satellite communication applications

“…In previous research on GPS antenna, various kinds of microstrip patch antennas with different shapes are presented [7], [8], [16], [18], [25]- [29]. With some applications in the advanced communications [30]- [32].…”