A Single Bout of High-intensity Interval Exercise Increases Corticospinal Excitability, Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor, and Uncarboxylated Osteolcalcin in Sedentary, Healthy Males

Nicolini, Chiara; Michalski, Bernadeta; Toepp, Stephen L.; Turco, Claudia V.; D'Hoine, Tarra; Harasym, Diana; Gibala, Martin J.; Fahnestock, Margaret; Nelson, Aimee J.

doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.03.042

Cited by 43 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…Plasma CTSB is upregulated by aerobic exercise training and associated with cognition in young adults ( 25 ). In the present study we show that CTSB is increased in late-middle-aged adults after 26 weeks of aerobic training, indicating that CTSB levels change after prolonged activity ( 25 , 54 , 55 ) whereas shorter term aerobic exercise protocols ( 56 , 57 ), and resistance training ( 58 , 59 ) show no change. The present findings in late-middle aged adults at risk for AD extend findings from healthy younger adults that CTSB levels were positively correlated with a hippocampus-dependent visual memory task after a four-month aerobic exercise intervention ( 25 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 44%

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Effects of Aerobic Exercise Training on Systemic Biomarkers and Cognition in Late Middle-Aged Adults at Risk for Alzheimer’s Disease

et al. 2021

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Increasing evidence indicates that physical activity and exercise training may delay or prevent the onset of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, systemic biomarkers that can measure exercise effects on brain function and that link to relevant metabolic responses are lacking. To begin to address this issue, we utilized blood samples of 23 asymptomatic late middle-aged adults, with familial and genetic risk for AD (mean age 65 years old, 50% female) who underwent 26 weeks of supervised treadmill training. Systemic biomarkers implicated in learning and memory, including the myokine Cathepsin B (CTSB), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and klotho, as well as metabolomics were evaluated. Here we show that aerobic exercise training increases plasma CTSB and that changes in CTSB, but not BDNF or klotho, correlate with cognitive performance. BDNF levels decreased with exercise training. Klotho levels were unchanged by training, but closely associated with change in VO2peak. Metabolomic analysis revealed increased levels of polyunsaturated free fatty acids (PUFAs), reductions in ceramides, sphingo- and phospholipids, as well as changes in gut microbiome metabolites and redox homeostasis, with exercise. Multiple metabolites (~30%) correlated with changes in BDNF, but not CSTB or klotho. The positive association between CTSB and cognition, and the modulation of lipid metabolites implicated in dementia, support the beneficial effects of exercise training on brain function. Overall, our analyses indicate metabolic regulation of exercise-induced plasma BDNF changes and provide evidence that CTSB is a marker of cognitive changes in late middle-aged adults at risk for dementia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 44%

“…While acute exercise generally increases BDNF ( 15 , 57 , 64 ), effects of chronic exercise on blood BDNF levels are less clear ( 5 , 7 , 12 , 13 , 15 , 65 ). In the present study BDNF levels decreased after exercise training and were closely linked to metabolomic alterations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Aerobic Exercise Training on Systemic Biomarkers and Cognition in Late Middle-Aged Adults at Risk for Alzheimer’s Disease

et al. 2021

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“…For example, previous TMS exercise studies have acquired MEP recruitment curves using intensities ranging from 90 to 200% RMT in increments of 10% RMT (Mang et al, 2014;Singh et al, 2014;Smith et al, 2014;Lulic et al, 2017;Neva et al, 2017;Stavrinos and Coxon, 2017;El-Sayes et al, 2019bMacDonald et al, 2019;Walsh et al, 2019;Brown et al, 2020;Nicolini et al, 2020). Studies have also obtained MEP recruitment curves during active contraction of 10% MVC and using intensities ranging from 90 to 200% AMT (Lulic et al, 2017;Nicolini et al, 2019Nicolini et al, , 2020. The effects of acute aerobic exercise on corticospinal excitability in healthy individuals are mixed.…”

Section: Motor-evoked Potentialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation to Assess Exercise-Induced Neuroplasticity

Turco¹,

Nelson²

2021

Front. Neuroergonomics

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Aerobic exercise facilitates neuroplasticity and has been linked to improvements in cognitive and motor function. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive technique that can be used to quantify changes in neurophysiology induced by exercise. The present review summarizes the single- and paired-pulse TMS paradigms that can be used to probe exercise-induced neuroplasticity, the optimal stimulation parameters and the current understanding of the neurophysiology underlying each paradigm. Further, this review amalgamates previous research exploring the modulation of these paradigms with exercise-induced neuroplasticity in healthy and clinical populations and highlights important considerations for future TMS-exercise research.

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“…CTSB also controls neurite outgrowth by modulating lysosomal trafficking in neurons ( 60 ). In humans, the effects of exercise on plasma CTSB levels are variable with some studies showing that long-term treadmill running increase plasma CTSB levels ( 58 ), while others showing no changes in plasma CTSB levels after 6 weeks of HIIE, or a single bout of HIIE in sedentary males ( 61 , 62 ). Interestingly, studies that focus on the role of muscle-released CTSB in cerebral ischemia are sparse.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A single bout of HIIE in healthy male individuals increased corticospinal excitability, BDNF and uncarboxylated OCN (uncOCN). Indeed, greater increases in BDNF were linked to increases in unOCN and irisin only in the exercising individuals, suggesting that these factors may contribute to exercise-induced BDNF increases ( 61 ). Interestingly, OCN delivery was previously shown to be sufficient to improve memory and decrease anxiety-like behaviors in aging mice ( 94 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise Factors Released by the Liver, Muscle, and Bones Have Promising Therapeutic Potential for Stroke

Stephan

2021

Front. Neurol.

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Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability in the world. Stroke not only affects the patients, but also their families who serve as the primary caregivers. Discovering novel therapeutic targets for stroke is crucial both from a quality of life perspective as well as from a health economic perspective. Exercise is known to promote neuroprotection in the context of stroke. Indeed, exercise induces the release of blood-borne factors that promote positive effects on the brain. Identifying the factors that mediate the positive effects of exercise after ischemic stroke is crucial for the quest for novel therapies. This approach will yield endogenous molecules that normally cross the blood brain barrier (BBB) and that can mimic the effects of exercise. In this minireview, we will discuss the roles of exercise factors released by the liver such as beta-hydroxybutyrate (DBHB), by the muscle such as lactate and irisin and by the bones such as osteocalcin. We will also address their therapeutic potential in the context of ischemic stroke.

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A Single Bout of High-intensity Interval Exercise Increases Corticospinal Excitability, Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor, and Uncarboxylated Osteolcalcin in Sedentary, Healthy Males

Cited by 43 publications

References 99 publications

Effects of Aerobic Exercise Training on Systemic Biomarkers and Cognition in Late Middle-Aged Adults at Risk for Alzheimer’s Disease

Effects of Aerobic Exercise Training on Systemic Biomarkers and Cognition in Late Middle-Aged Adults at Risk for Alzheimer’s Disease

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation to Assess Exercise-Induced Neuroplasticity

Exercise Factors Released by the Liver, Muscle, and Bones Have Promising Therapeutic Potential for Stroke

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