A simulation to model position encoding multicrystal PET detectors

Tsang, G.; Moisan, C.; Rogers, J.G.

doi:10.1109/23.489420

Cited by 74 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Particle interactions are simulated with the GEANT 4 package (Agostinelli 2003) developed at CERN for high energy physics experiments. We use the Detect2000 code (Knoll et al 1988;Tsang et al 1995) to simulate the photon transport inside the scintillators and to the detectors. The GEANT 4 simulations include the low-energy electromagnetic processes package GLECS (Kippen 2004) for the simulations of low-energy interactions.…”

Section: Telescope Design and Simulation Detailsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using the active collimator and shield assembly of an EXIST-type mission as a gamma-ray burst spectrometer

Garson

Krawczynski

Grindlay

et al. 2006

A&A

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The Energetic X-Ray Imaging Survey Telescope (EXIST) is a mission design concept that uses coded masks seen by Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CZT) detectors to register hard X-rays in the energy region from 10 keV to 600 keV. A partially active or fully active anticoincidence shield/collimator with a total area of between 15 m 2 and 35 m 2 will be used to define the field-of-view of the CZT detectors and to suppress the background of cosmic-ray-induced events. In this paper, we describe the use of a sodium activated cesium iodide shield/collimator to detect gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and to measure their energy spectra in the energy range from 100 keV up to 10 MeV. We use the code GEANT 4 to simulate the interactions of photons and cosmic rays with the spacecraft and the instrument and the code DETECT2000 to simulate the optical properties of the scintillation detectors. The shield/collimator achieves a νF ν -sensitivity of 3 × 10 −9 erg cm −2 s −1 and 2 × 10 −8 erg cm −2 s −1 at 100 keV and 600 keV, respectively. The sensitivity is well matched to that of the coded mask telescope.The broad energy coverage of an EXIST-type mission with active shields will constrain the peak of the spectral energy distribution (SED) for a large number of GRBs. The measurement of the SED peak may be key for determining photometric GRB redshifts and for using GRBs as cosmological probes.

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Section: Telescope Design and Simulation Detailsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using the active collimator and shield assembly of an EXIST-type mission as a gamma-ray burst spectrometer

Garson

Krawczynski

Grindlay

et al. 2006

A&A

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“…The DETECT2000 simulation package [7][8][9] was used to model the detector module. The target object for the simulation is illustrated in Figs.…”

Section: Detector Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detector Light Response Modeling for a Thick Continuous Slab Detector

Miyaoka

Joo

Lee

2008

J. Nucl. Sci. Technol.

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We investigate a method to improve the position decoding for thick crystal versions (i.e., ≥8 mm) of the continuous miniature crystal element (cMiCE) PET detector by more accurately modeling the detector light response function (LRF). The LRF for continuous detectors varies with the depth of interaction (DOI) of the detected photon. This variation in LRF can result in a positioning error for two-dimensional positioning algorithms. We explore a method to improve positioning performance by deriving two lookup tables, corresponding to the front and back regions of the crystal. The DETECT2000 simulation package was used to investigate the light response characteristics for a 48.8 mm by 48.8 mm by 10 (8) mm slab of LSO coupled to a 64-channel, flat-panel PMT. The data are then combined to produce the two-dimensional light collection histograms. Light collection histograms that have markedly non-Gaussian distributions are characterized as a combination of two Gaussian functions, where each Gaussian function corresponds to a DOI region of the crystal. The results indicate that modest gains in positioning accuracy are achieved near the central region of the crystal. However, significant improvements in spatial resolution and positioning bias are achieved for the corner section of the detector.

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“…Both computational simulations and experimental measurements were used to evaluate the scintillator pixelation effects on spatial resolution. DETECT97, a Monte Carlo simulation software, was used for simulations of light transport in scintillation crystal (Tsang et al, 1995). Input geometries of both non-pixelated and pixelated scintillators are shown in Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%