A simulation model for assessing the potential of remanufacturing electric vehicle batteries as spare parts

Huster, Sandra; Glöser‐Chahoud, Simon; Rosenberg, Sonja; Schultmann, Frank

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.132225

Cited by 16 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Remanufacturing is defined as the process of rebuilding parts and components from used products [50]. The remanufacturing process permits the product to be even the same as the original product in terms of quality, performance endurance, and warranty, and it can greatly reduce energy consumption and production cost when compared with general manufacturing [51]. Both the remanufacturing and recycling of EV batteries always mainly focus on the disassembly process that is generally considered to optimize the disassembly task for retired EV batteries.…”

Section: Related Policies and Technical Standards For Echelon Utiliza...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Dynamic Recycling of Electric Vehicle Battery: Disassembly and Echelon Utilization

2023

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With the growing requirements of retired electric vehicles (EVs), the recycling of EV batteries is being paid more and more attention to regarding its disassembly and echelon utilization to reach highly efficient resource utilization and environmental protection. In order to make full use of the retired EV batteries, we here discuss various possible application methods of echelon utilization, including hierarchical analysis methods based on various battery evaluation index. In addition, retired EV battery disassembly is also reviewed through the entire EV battery recycling based on human–robot collaboration methods. In order to improve the efficiency and reduce the cost of EV recycling, it is necessary to find a suitable recycling mode and disassembly process. This paper discusses the future possibility of echelon utilization and disassembly in retired EV battery recycling from disassembly optimization and human–robot collaboration, facing uncertain disassembly and echelon utilization.

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Section: Related Policies and Technical Standards For Echelon Utiliza...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Dynamic Recycling of Electric Vehicle Battery: Disassembly and Echelon Utilization

2023

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“…To make the connections of the module block accessible, two components on the right side and three on the left side have to be disassembled. These are the busbar with the battery sensor (6), the support strut (7), the battery sensor (8), the busbar 2 (9), and the busbar 3 (10). By removing additional components, such as the air dryer and the battery management system, the accessibility of the module block connections can be further improved.…”

Section: Batterymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Scientific publications in the field of disassembly primarily address three key topics: (i) capacity planning, including models for forecasting return quantities [10,11], (ii) disassembly line balancing, which involves the allocation of disassembly tasks to workstations [12,13], and (iii) planning and optimizing disassembly strategies using one [14] or several objectives [15,16]. According to Zhou et al [17], disassembly sequence or strategy planning comprises three phases: (i) specifying the disassembly modes, (ii) building models, and (iii) planning and optimizing disassembly strategies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Method Model for the Investigation of Disassembly Scenarios for Electric Vehicle Batteries

Baazouzi,

Grimm,

Birke

2023

Batteries

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Disassembly is a pivotal technology to enable the circularity of electric vehicle batteries through the application of circular economy strategies to extend the life cycle of battery components through solutions such as remanufacturng, repurposing, and efficient recycling, ultimately reintegrating gained materials into the production of new battery systems. This paper aims to develop a multi-method self-configuring simulation model to investigate disassembly scenarios, taking into account battery design as well as the configuration and layout of the disassembly station. We demonstrate the developed model in a case study using a Mercedes–Benz battery and the automated disassembly station of the DeMoBat project at Fraunhofer IPA. Furthermore, we introduce two disassembly scenarios: component-oriented and accessibility-oriented disassembly. These scenarios are compared using the simulation model to determine several indicators, including the frequency of tool change, the number and distribution of robot routes, tool utilization, and disassembly time.

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“…In addition, it is assumed that the provision of less greenhouse gas-intensive recyclates can substitute more greenhouse gas-intensive primary raw materials and replace energy-intensive waste treatments [15]. Especially in the context of the decarbonisation of the transportation sector through the market penetration of battery electric vehicles (BEV), expanding the battery life cycle as much as possible [16,17] followed by efficient disassembly [18] and recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries (LIB) is elementary [19]. The critical metals contained on the cathodes of LIBs not only play a strategically crucial role in the European Union (EU) [20], they are also responsible to a large share of the GHG emissions associated with the production of BEVs [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Impacts of Specific Recyclates in European Battery Regulatory-Compliant Lithium-Ion Cell Manufacturing

et al. 2022

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Since environmental benefits and supply chain resilience are commonly assumed for circular economy strategies, this study tests this hypothesis in the context of lithium-ion battery recycling and cell manufacturing. Therefore, the use of recyclates from different cathode active materials and from different recycling routes, namely hydrometallurgy and direct recycling, in a subsequent cell production is modelled with the recyclate quotas prescribed by the amended European Battery Regulation and analysed using life cycle assessment methodology. This study concludes that both, negative and positive environmental impacts can be achieved by the usage of recyclates, depended on the cell technology and the recycling process chosen. Newly constructed lithium iron phosphate (LFP) cells using a share of 11.3% of recyclates, which are obtained from LFP cells by a hydrometallurgical process, achieve a deterioration in the ecology by 7.5% for the global warming potential (GWP) compared to LFP cells without any recyclate share at all. For the same recyclate quota scenario, hydrometallurgical recyclates from lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide cells (NMC), on the other hand, achieve savings in GWP of up to 1.2%. Recyclates from direct recycling achieve savings in GWP for LPF and NMC of a maximum of 6.3% and 12.3%, by using a recyclate share of 20%. It can be seen that circular economy can raise large savings potentials ecologically, but can also have a contrary effect if not properly applied.

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A simulation model for assessing the potential of remanufacturing electric vehicle batteries as spare parts

Cited by 16 publications

References 40 publications

A Review on Dynamic Recycling of Electric Vehicle Battery: Disassembly and Echelon Utilization

A Review on Dynamic Recycling of Electric Vehicle Battery: Disassembly and Echelon Utilization

Multi-Method Model for the Investigation of Disassembly Scenarios for Electric Vehicle Batteries

Environmental Impacts of Specific Recyclates in European Battery Regulatory-Compliant Lithium-Ion Cell Manufacturing

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