A simplified model for the combined wicking and evaporation of a NaCl solution in limestone

Pel, Leo L; Pishkari, Raheleh; Casti, Marta

doi:10.1617/s11527-018-1187-y

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…These studies are based essentially on continuum modeling (CM) (11 J and consist of solution of the advective-diffusive transport of solute. The commonly used macro scopie advective-diffusive transport equation (ADE) led to a quite good agreement with the measurements for the so-called evapora tion wicking situation (12). As discussed in several previous works, e.g.…”

Section: Kharaghani)supporting

confidence: 70%

From micro-scale to macro-scale modeling of solute transport in drying capillary porous media

Ahmad

Rahimi

Tsotsas

et al. 2021

International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer

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Section: Kharaghani)supporting

confidence: 70%

From micro-scale to macro-scale modeling of solute transport in drying capillary porous media

Ahmad

Rahimi

Tsotsas

et al. 2021

International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer

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“…As discussed in Ref. 11, the sample can actually stay fully saturated when the solution absorption rate fully compensates the evaporation. In what follows, we are interested in this situation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Drying 9,10 is typically when there is no supply in solution during evaporation. In contrast, evaporation-wicking 11 is when the solution can be sucked, typically by the capillary effect, into the sample so as to compensate, at least partly, the evaporation. As discussed in Ref.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Combined wicking and evaporation of NaCl solution with efflorescence formation: The efflorescence exclusion zone

2020

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An experiment combining wicking and evaporation of a NaCl solution and leading to the formation of salt efflorescence is presented. The experiment shows that efflorescence develops over the porous medium surface exposed to evaporation except in the bottom region of the sample. This region remains free of efflorescence and is called the exclusion zone. It is shown that the exclusion zone extent depends on the solute concentration in the bottom reservoir. A model is developed, and it helps understand the exclusion phenomenon. The arch shape of the exclusion zone upper boundary is explained and modeled. The study is also seen as a successful test for the model of efflorescence growth driven by evaporation and salt precipitation presented in a previous study. The modeling approach is expected to help develop better models of salt transport with crystallization at the surface of porous media in relation with soil salinization issues or the salt weathering of porous materials.

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“…As also the concentration of the absorbed salt solution is constant, i.e., C= C 0 , we can in this case solve the differential equation giving the concentration c(x,t) as a function of time and position, i.e. [6]; (5) Where a(t) is a constant which is a function time. Hence this solution tells us that the concentration in the sample can be described by a simple exponential decay.…”

Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined wicking and drying of a NaCl solution in porous building materials

2019

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Salt weathering is a major cause of destruction of many valuable monuments. The salt damage of historical porous materials is mainly due to the crystallization of soluble salts due to drying. A special situation which occurs often in marine environments, the case where there is a permanent supply of sea water at one side of a material, whereas the other side is exposed to continuous drying in the open air. A well-known example is the historic city of Venice. Evaporation from the air exposed side provides a continuous moisture sink which is compensated by capillary suction, i.e., wicking of the sea water. As a result there will be a continuous flux of NaCl ions towards the surface. As soon as the concentration at the surface reaches the maximum solubility, crystallization will start which can give rise the damage. A simple analytic model was developed to describe this process. In order to verify this model non-destructive measurements were made of the moisture and ion transport during an experiment with limestone. In order to do so, we make use of a specially designed Nuclear Magnetic Resonance setup where we are able to measure quasi-simultaneously the 1H and 23Na content. Hence this method gives us the possibility for real-time monitoring of transport processes of the ions during experiments. It is seen that the concentration rise at the drying surface can be described by a simple analytic model.

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A simplified model for the combined wicking and evaporation of a NaCl solution in limestone

Cited by 11 publications

References 24 publications

From micro-scale to macro-scale modeling of solute transport in drying capillary porous media

From micro-scale to macro-scale modeling of solute transport in drying capillary porous media

Combined wicking and evaporation of NaCl solution with efflorescence formation: The efflorescence exclusion zone

Combined wicking and drying of a NaCl solution in porous building materials

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