A simplified interaction model for moored ships in level ice

Aksnes, Vegard

doi:10.1016/j.coldregions.2010.05.002

Cited by 34 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…( 9) and ( 10)'s typical use as engineering tools for the estimation of level-ice resistance as pointed out by Lindqvist (1989), the formula (or a part of the formula, especially the submergence component in Eq. ( 10)) is widely used for the calculation of level ice resistance in support of or for validation of more advanced model developments (e.g., (Aksnes, 2010, Lubbad and Løset, 2011, Su et al, 2010, Valanto, 2001.…”

Section: Ice Force Estimation Based On Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parallel channels' fracturing mechanism during ice management operations. Part II: Experiment

Lü

Lubbad

Løset

2018

Cold Regions Science and Technology

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During ice management operations, cutting parallel channels with narrow spacing in the ice using icebreakers can effectively reduce the size of ice floes reaching the protected vessel/structure. A narrow channel spacing width generates smaller ice floes. However, a spacing that is too narrow can lead to excessive or even impractical ice management operations. Therefore, it is beneficial to establish a theoretical model that correlates the channel spacing width with the frequency of ice fracturing events and the reduction of managed ice floe sizes. This is achieved in the current study with two sequential papers, i.e. Papers I and II. In Paper I, a theoretical model involving an 'edge crack model' was formulated to predict the following conditions for an ice management operation: 1) the maximum ice floe with size MCD L that can be produced; 2) the maximum channel spacing width max h beyond which long cracks will not develop between the channels; and 3) the required force to initiate long cracks between parallel channels. In this paper (Paper II), we describe two dedicated 'parallel channel tests' conducted separately on September 26 th and 29 th in 2015 during an expedition to the Arctic Ocean (around 82 o N and 16 o E) with the icebreakers Oden and Frej. The tests had 'well-controlled' channel spacing in each test run. Several different channel spacing values were tested with the Oden and the consequent fracturing information was documented by camera images. Image processing enabled us to extract information, such as maximum floe sizes and floe size distributions, given different channel spacing widths. In addition, the ship's data, such as ship velocity and propulsion history, enabled us to validate the theoretical model's capability to predict the onset of long cracks between two parallel channels. Despite uncertainties (e.g., non-uniform ice thickness, fracture properties of sea ice, etc.) involved in the tests, favourable comparisons between the experimental results and the theoretical predictions were achieved. Both the theoretical model and experimental results help clarify the parallel channel fracturing mechanism.

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Section: Ice Force Estimation Based On Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parallel channels' fracturing mechanism during ice management operations. Part II: Experiment

Lü

Lubbad

Løset

2018

Cold Regions Science and Technology

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“…Finite element method (FEM) has long been applied to ice-structure interaction issues by simulating collisions, deformations, and damage based on theoretical constitutive equations [8,9]. FEM was generally used to simulate local and global ice loads in various ice conditions, such as level ice, ice ridges, and icebergs [10,11]. The discrete element method (DEM) was suitable for modeling discrete ice and was used to simulate the interaction between pack ices and structures [12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discrete Element Method Approach to Modeling Mechanical Properties of Three-Dimensional Ice Beams

Song

Park

2022

JMSE

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The mechanical properties of ice were numerically studied using the discrete element method (DEM). For ice beam simulations, an open-source DEM library was used. The uniaxial compression test and three-point bending test for modeled ice particles with a bond model were simulated. The mechanical properties of ice were dependent on the parameters of the contact model and the bond model. The bond model was applied to simulate the failure of ice. To model the Young’s modulus, flexural strength, and compressive strength of ice, the relationship with the model parameters of the contact and bonding models was investigated, and equations proposed. Real ice in the Bohai Sea was modeled using the proposed relational equations, and its mechanical properties were predicted. Simulated mechanical properties were compared with measured data in the Bohai Sea.

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“…However, the current measurement techniques and data processing technology have limitations in terms of accuracy, the resolution of the instrumentation, temporary data logging, information storage, and computational cost. Nevertheless, at present there are studies in which some of the degrees of freedom are analyzed, together with the equations that define them and the loads that moored vessels are subjected to in specific situations, such as the swell generated by a vessel navigating in the port [14,15].…”

Section: Introduction and Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of an Analytic Methodology to Estimate the Movements of Moored Vessels Based on Forecast Data

Sande

Figuero

Tarrío-Saavedra

et al. 2019

Water

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A port’s operating capacity and the economic performance of its concessions are intimately related to the quality of its operational conditions. This paper presents an analytical methodology for estimating the movements of a moored vessel based on field measurements and forecast data, specifically including ship dimensions and meteorological and maritime conditions. The methodology was tested and validated in the Outer Port of Punta Langosteira, A Coruña, Spain. It was determined that the significant wave height outside the port, and the ratio of the vessel’s length divided by its beam (L/B), are the variables that most influence movements. Furthermore, heave and surge are the movements with a better value of the coefficient of determination (R2 values of 0.71 and 0.67, respectively), the sway (R2 = 0.30) and roll (R2 = 0.27) being the worst when using the available forecast variables of the Outer Port of Punta Langosteira. Despite their low R2 values, sway and roll models are able to estimate the main trends of these movements. The obtained estimators provide good predictions with assumable error values (root mean square error—RMSE and mean absolute error—MAE), showing their potential application as a predictive tool. Finally, as a consequence, the A Coruña Port Authority has included the results of the methodology in its port management system allowing them to predict moored vessel behavior in the port.

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A simplified interaction model for moored ships in level ice

Cited by 34 publications

References 4 publications

Parallel channels' fracturing mechanism during ice management operations. Part II: Experiment

Parallel channels' fracturing mechanism during ice management operations. Part II: Experiment

Discrete Element Method Approach to Modeling Mechanical Properties of Three-Dimensional Ice Beams

Application of an Analytic Methodology to Estimate the Movements of Moored Vessels Based on Forecast Data

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