A simplified dynamic model of grid-connected fuel-cell generators

Hatziadoniu, Constantine J.; Lobo, A.A.; Pourboghrat, Farzad; Daneshdoost, M.

doi:10.1109/61.997919

Cited by 145 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The first term models gas diffusion from the bulk gas to the reactive sites in the anode, and the second term is for cathode side. The superscript b represents the bulk gas, and r the gas at the anode reactive sites [4,18]. Figure 5 shows diffusion of hydrogen and steam in the anode from the bulk concentrations to their concentrations at the reactive surface of the anode.…”

Section: Concentration Polarizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modeling a Reversible Solid Oxide Fuel Cell as a Storage Device Within AC Power Networks

et al. 2012

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A reversible solid oxide fuel cell (RSOFC) system, consisting of a RSOFC stack, heat store, and electrical inverters to convert DC to AC power, is shown by computer modeling to have the potential to efficiently store electrical energy. This paper describes the modeling of a single RSOFC, based on a proposed cell geometry, empirical data on the resistivities of the components, and calculation of activation and diffusion polarization resistances from electrochemical theory. Data from ac impedance spectroscopy measurements on symmetrical cells are used to model RSOFC impedance. A RSOFC stack is modeled by electrically linking the individual cells inside a pressurized vessel. A phase change heat store is added to improve energy storage efficiency. The model is implemented in MATLAB®/Simulink®. Two competing inverter control schemes are compared, trading off DC bus ripple against AC power quality. It is found that selection of appropriate DC bus capacitance is important in certain scenarios, with potential system cost implications. It is shown that the system can store electrical energy at an efficiency of 64% over a single discharge–charge cycle, i.e., hydrogen to electricity and heat to hydrogen.

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Section: Concentration Polarizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Equations (18)(19)(20)(21) are used to describe the mole fractions of hydrogen and steam at electrode surface, and reactive site. The superscript l represents the electrode surface gas.…”

Section: Diffusion At the Cathode (Fuel Cell Mode)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling a Reversible Solid Oxide Fuel Cell as a Storage Device Within AC Power Networks

et al. 2012

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“…Many researches have been conducted on MGs considering different types of FCs as the source of DC side. For instance, for stability assessment and real‐time applications, a simplified dynamic model for a grid‐connected FC power plant has been presented in Hatziadoniu et al and Resrepo et al Authors have presented the control and modeling of a proton exchange membrane FC as a DG in Wang et al and Karami et al Fuel cell‐based DGs have been considered as DGs in islanded MGs for frequency regulation in previous studies . Among different types of FCs, solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is one of the most attractive ones in MGs due to its low emissions and high energy efficiency .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Equivalent model parameter estimation of grid-connected fuel cell-based microgrid

Zaker

Gharehpetian

Karrari

2018

Int Trans Electr Energ Syst

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Simulation of the power grid including numerous microgrids (MGs) with complex and detailed model (DM) is very time-consuming. Nevertheless, these kinds of simulations are vital for power engineers and utilities to analyze the impact of dynamic interconnections among MGs and the power grid. In this paper, an electrical equivalent model (EM) including electrical components, such as an equivalent solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) model, voltage source converter (VSC), and static load, is proposed for a fuel cell-based MG. The parameters of the EM are estimated to behave similar to the DM of the MG in different scenarios and operating points. The parameter estimation procedure is conducted using genetic algorithm. The IEEE 9-Bus transmission system is considered as the main grid, while the IEEE 33-Bus distribution system is considered as the grid-connected MG. Three SOFCs of different size and dynamic parameters are connected through VSCs to the MG. Different scenarios of active and reactive power changes are simulated, and results of the EM and DM are compared, to demonstrate the accuracy of the determined EM.KEYWORDS equivalent model, microgrid, parameter estimation, SOFC | INTRODUCTIONRecently, the need for high quality and reliable power along with emission concerns has drawn the attentions to the renewable distributed generations (DGs). 1 At first, the conventional passive distribution systems were transformed to active ones with integration of different types of DGs. In the next step, the concept of the microgrid (MG) was formed and defined as a low voltage distribution system containing DGs, electrical and thermal loads, which all operate together under a common control system. This control system provides the ability of operating in grid-connected and islanded modes compared to active distribution systems (ADSs). 2 Fuel cells (FCs) have always been a promising DC source for MGs in literature. Many researches have been conducted on MGs considering different types of FCs as the source of DC side. For instance, for stability assessment and real-time applications, a simplified dynamic model for a gridconnected FC power plant has been presented in Hatziadoniu et al 3 and Resrepo et al. 4 Authors have presented the control and modeling of a proton exchange membrane FC as a DG in Wang et al 5 and Karami et al. 6 Fuel cell-based DGs have been considered as DGs in islanded MGs for frequency regulation in previous studies. 7-9 Among different types of FCs, solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is one of the most attractive ones in MGs due to its low emissions and high energy efficiency. 10 In Sedighisigarchi and Feliachi, 11,12 a comprehensive nonlinear dynamic model of SOFC has been developed for transient stability analysis and enhancement. Mathematical modeling of a grid-connected SOFC power plant for small-signal stability studies has been presented in Wenjuan et al. 13 The mathematical modeling of SOFC will be briefly explained in Section 2.Besides the well-known advantages of MGs, there are some concerns that should be analy...

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“…On the other hand, hydrogen has attracted much attention in recent years because of the lack of fossil fuel and environmental pollution. Thus, aqua electrolyzers and fuel cells have received a lot of attention recently [6][7][8]. The efficiency of fuel cells is low and their installation cost is high.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of decentralized control for remote power system stabilization by installing renewable energy power plant

Senjyu

Omine

Hayashi

et al. 2008

IEEJ Transactions Elec Engng

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The generating power of wind turbines varies in proportion to the cube of wind speed, hence, they cannot supply constant power and this causes fluctuations in frequency and voltage. This article presents a methodology for controlling grid frequency, hydrogen volume, and terminal bus voltage. This system consists of diesel generators, wind turbines, and load. Aqua electrolyzer and fuel cells are introduced in order to control grid frequency, voltage, and hydrogen volume. By applying H ∞ control, frequency, voltage fluctuation, and hydrogen volume, controls are achieved. H ∞ decentralized controllers are designed and installed for diesel generators, aqua electrolyzers, and fuel cells in series. In order to verify the effectiveness of the suggested system, MATLAB/SIMULINK is used for simulation. 

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A simplified dynamic model of grid-connected fuel-cell generators

Cited by 145 publications

References 8 publications

Modeling a Reversible Solid Oxide Fuel Cell as a Storage Device Within AC Power Networks

Modeling a Reversible Solid Oxide Fuel Cell as a Storage Device Within AC Power Networks

Equivalent model parameter estimation of grid-connected fuel cell-based microgrid

Application of decentralized control for remote power system stabilization by installing renewable energy power plant

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