A simple test for assessing solidification cracking susceptibility and checking validity of susceptibility prediction

Soysal, Tayfun; Kou, Sindo

doi:10.1016/j.actamat.2017.09.065

“…It has been reported that strain rate can affect the generation of hot cracks given that two columnar grains growing side by side can potentially grow towards each other and bond together in order to resist cracking as long as they are being pulled apart by tension more slowly than the rate of bonding. [47,48] Additionally, the maximum stroke, which the rig in the present study was able to apply, was 80 mm. It was therefore not possible to apply augmented strains above 11 pct.…”

Section: F Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 67%

Getting the Strain Under Control: Trans-Varestraint Tests for Hot Cracking Susceptibility

Statharas

¹

,

Atkinson

²

,

Thornton

³

et al. 2019

Metall Mater Trans A

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A new method for conducting Trans-Varestraint tests for assessing hot cracking susceptibility is proposed. Experiments were carried out, to validate the new method, with an industrial scale rig using tungsten inert gas welding. The hot cracking susceptibility of API-5L X65 and EN3B steel was compared. The results indicated that, by using the new method, the strain applied to the welding bead and consequently to the solidification front was controlled in a repeatable and reliable way. The results also indicated that EN3B has a maximum crack length (a parameter in the test) higher than X65 and it is reached at lower augmented strain thus demonstrating it is more susceptible to hot cracking, while also indicating that there is a capability of predicting the initiation position of hot cracks during welding. By using the method proposed, the capability of setting standardized test procedures for Trans-Varestraint tests is improved. It is recommended that future tests for assessing hot cracking susceptibility should employ the proposed method in order for the results to be comparable and to also study the effect of strain rate in hot cracking of materials.

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“…Measuring crack length metrics or crack-no crack macro-conditions [15,43,59,62,63] will provide an overall point of view of the interaction between microstructure and process-induced thermo-mechanical fields. However, if local measurements are applied [31,55,56,64], then thermal-induced strains are not accounted for and only the inherent susceptibility of a microstructure to cracking are evaluated.…”

Section: Measuring Cracking Susceptibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of weld travel speed on solidification cracking behavior. Part 2: testing conditions and metrics

Coniglio

¹

,

Cross

²

2020

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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Solidification cracking is a weld defect common to certain susceptible alloys rendering many of them unweldable. It forms and grows continuously behind a moving weld pool within the twophase mushy zone and involves a complex interaction between thermal, metallurgical and mechanical factors. Research has demonstrated the ability to minimize solidification cracking occurrence by using appropriate welding parameters. Despite decade's long efforts to investigate weld solidification cracking, there remains a lack of understanding regarding the particular effect of travel speed. While the use of the fastest welding speed is usually recommended, this rule has not always been confirmed on site. Varying welding speed has many consequences both on stress cells surrounding the weld pool, grain structure, and mushy zone extent. Experimental data and models are compiled to highlight the importance of welding speed on solidification cracking. This review is partitioned into three parts: Part I focuses on the effects of welding speed on weld metal characteristics, Part II reviews the data of the literature to discuss the importance of selecting properly the metrics, and Part III details the different methods to model the effect of welding speed on solidification cracking occurrence.

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“…fs close to 1) are related to long channels that are hard to feed and are crack susceptible [10,54]. This criterion has been successfully applied to a weldability investigation and especially in ranking aluminum alloys [55,56] and magnesium alloys [57] in terms of solidification cracking susceptibility.…”

Section: Crack Initiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of weld travel speed on solidification cracking behavior. Part 3: modeling

Coniglio

¹

,

Cross

²

2020

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Solidification cracking is a weld defect common to certain susceptible alloys rendering many of them unweldable. It forms and grows continuously behind a moving weld pool within the twophase mushy zone and involves a complex interaction between thermal, metallurgical and mechanical factors. Research has demonstrated the ability to minimize solidification cracking occurrence by using appropriate welding parameters. Despite decade's long efforts to investigate weld solidification cracking, there remains a lack of understanding regarding the particular effect of travel speed. While the use of the fastest welding speed is usually recommended, this rule has not always been confirmed on site. Varying welding speed has many consequences both on stress cells surrounding the weld pool, grain structure, and mushy zone extent. Experimental data and models are compiled to highlight the importance of welding speed on solidification cracking. This review is partitioned into three parts: Part I focuses on the effects of welding speed on weld metal characteristics, Part II reviews the data of the literature to discuss the importance of selecting properly the metrics, and Part III details the different methods to model the effect of welding speed on solidification cracking occurrence.

show abstract

A simple test for assessing solidification cracking susceptibility and checking validity of susceptibility prediction

Cited by 91 publications

References 9 publications

Getting the Strain Under Control: Trans-Varestraint Tests for Hot Cracking Susceptibility

Getting the Strain Under Control: Trans-Varestraint Tests for Hot Cracking Susceptibility

Effect of weld travel speed on solidification cracking behavior. Part 2: testing conditions and metrics

Effect of weld travel speed on solidification cracking behavior. Part 3: modeling

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