A simple technique for the rapid spectrophotometric determination of phagocytosis by fish macrophages

Seeley, Ken; Gillespie, P.D.; Weeks, B. A.

doi:10.1016/0141-1136(90)90009-d

Cited by 98 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Phagocytosis. Phagocytic activity of blood leukocytes was determined spectrophotometrically by the method of Seeley et al (1990). This assay involves the measurement of Congo red-stained yeast cells that have been phagocytised by cells.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of chemotherapy, vaccines and immunostimulants on innate immunity of goldfish infected with Aeromonas hydrophila

Harikrishnan¹,

Balasundaram²,

Heo³

2009

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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We report the effect of various chemicals, vaccines and immunostimulants on innate immune mechanisms such as phagocytosis activity, superoxide anion production of blood leukocytes, complement activity and plasma lysozyme activity and disease resistance in goldfish Carassius auratus (23 ± 2 g) against Aeromonas hydrophila on Days 15 and 30 post-infection. In infected fish, the administration of diets supplemented with either probiotics, tri-herbal extract or azadirachtin for 30 d significantly enhanced phagocytic activity; administration for 15 d had no effect. In fish treated with heat-killed and formalin-killed vaccines, and probiotics-, tri-herbal-and azadirachtin-supplemented diets, superoxide anion production was enhanced on Day 30. However, there was no superoxide anion production in fish treated with tetracycline, furanace, formalin or hydrogen peroxide. Complement activity was also significantly enhanced on Days 15 and 30 in fish groups treated with vaccine and probiotics-, tri-herbal-and azadirachtin-supplemented diets. Other groups had no complement activity. Lysozyme activity was significantly enhanced after 30 d in fish treated with heat-killed vaccine and probiotics-, tri-herbal-and azadirachtin-supplemented diets. The probiotics-and tri-herbalcontaining diet administration groups had no mortality (0%) preceding the challenge with live A. hydrophila. Groups treated with heat-or formalin-killed vaccines or azadirachtin-supplemented diet suffered mortalities of 30, 35 and 10%, respectively, which represents an improvement of survival rate compared to untreated infected control groups. We conclude that probiotics-, tri-herbaland azadirachtin-supplemented diets act as immunostimulants enhancing the goldfish innate immune response and disease resistance against A. hydrophila. KEY WORDS: Nonspecific immune parameter · Carassius auratus · Aeromonas hydrophila · Tri-herbal · Probiotic · Azadirachtin Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherDis Aquat Org 88: [45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54] 2009 (Areerat 1987) and other regions of the world (Amin et al. 1985). A. hydrophila routinely isolated from healthy and moribund fish produce cytotoxins, proteases, surface (S)-layers and aerolysin toxins (Cahill 1990, Paniagua et al. 1990, Rahman et al. 1997.Aeromonas hydrophila infection can be controlled with antibiotics and chemicals. Traditional use of oral antibiotics such as oxytetracycline, chloramphenicol and nifurpirinol remains the most convenient form of therapy for motile aeromonad septicaemia (Noga 1996). However, antibiotic treatment is costprohibitive to farmers in many undeveloped and developing countries. Extensive use of antibiotics may result in residues (Shao 2001) and an increase in multidrug-resistant bacteria in human and veterinary medicine (Bryan 1984). Therefore, vaccination is a better choice to control A. hydrophila infections. At present, no vaccines for the protection of farmed fish against A. hydrophila infections are commercially av...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of chemotherapy, vaccines and immunostimulants on innate immunity of goldfish infected with Aeromonas hydrophila

Harikrishnan¹,

Balasundaram²,

Heo³

2009

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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“…Leukocyte formulas (lymphocyte, monocyte, and granulocyte) were determined using blood smears from each fish (Fujimaki and Isoda, 1990). Phagocytic activities of leukocyte cells and Nitro blue tetrazolium activity (NBT) were determined using a spectrophotometric method (Seeley et al, 1990;Siwicki et al, 1985).…”

Section: Hematological and Non-specific Immune Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

Şahan¹,

Duman²,

COLAK³

et al. 2017

Turk. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

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The effect of the Yersinia ruckeri infection in the different tissues of 225 rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed with rosehip (Rosa canina) was researched by evaluating a range of factors such as hematological and histopathological findings, non-specific immune parameters, liver antioxidant parameters, and then determined mortality and relative percentage survival (RPS) rates.The study comprises control groups (C+, C−) and rosehip experimental groups (REGs): R10 (10%), R20 (20%) and R30 (30%). Following the 50-day feeding period, the fish were infected with Y. ruckeri and then blood, liver, spleen and kidney samples were taken. RBC, WBC, Hb, Hct and RBC indices, non-specific immune parameters, NBT, phagocytic activity and leukocyte formulas all significantly increased in R20 compared to other groups. Antioxidant parameters SOD, CAT and GSH values increased in the R20 and R30 groups, and the lowest RPS value was detected in R30 at 26.31%, while it increased in the R20 group to 42.09%. R30 showed no significant hematological and immunological effects, however, the immune cells were suppressed. In this research, R20 was determined to be the ideal dose, taking into account both health indicators and hematological parameters, as a defense mechanism against Y. ruckeri, showing the best antibacterial and antioxidant effects.

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“…Glutathione reductase (GR) and Myeloperoxidase (MPO) were measured according to the method described by Zanetti (1979), and Kumari and Sahoo (2006), respectively. Meanwhile, Serum lysozyme and Phagocytic activity were measured according to Lie et al (1989) and Seeley et al (1990), respectively. 2.7.Water quality measurements pH was measured using a portable pH-temperature meter (HI 991300 pH/EC/TDS/Temperature meter).…”

Section: Antioxidant and Immunological Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Consequences of High-Density Fish Culture as Monitored By Growth, Behavior and Immune Responses of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Shourbela¹,

El-Kholya²,

El-Fadadney³

2017

AJVS

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A simple technique for the rapid spectrophotometric determination of phagocytosis by fish macrophages

Cited by 98 publications

References 5 publications

Effect of chemotherapy, vaccines and immunostimulants on innate immunity of goldfish infected with Aeromonas hydrophila

Effect of chemotherapy, vaccines and immunostimulants on innate immunity of goldfish infected with Aeromonas hydrophila

Untitled

Consequences of High-Density Fish Culture as Monitored By Growth, Behavior and Immune Responses of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

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