As in all animal production types, among the most important problems encountered in aquaculture are diseases and harmful organisms. Parasites are the most dangerous of these organisms, and unless necessary precautions

In the study, the immunostimulant effects of rosehip (Rosa canina) on the health indicator hematological and nonspecific immune parameters of Mycobacterium salmoniphilum-infected sturgeon were investigated. The rosehip was applied in the ratios of R5 (5%), R10 (10%), and R15 (15%) in three repetitions. After a 35-day feeding period, the fish were infected with M. salmoniphilum and analyzed after day 7, when symptoms were observed at elevated levels. Erythrocyte, erythrocyte indices, hemoglobin, hematocrit, leukocyte levels and the non-specific immune parameters including lymphocyte, monocyte, eosinophil, neutrophil, cytokines, phagocytic activity levels were comparatively examined using positive and negative control groups. The evaluations revealed that the RBC, Hb, Hct and WBC counts in the R15 group were significantly higher than those of the C+ group. Moreover, depending on the level of the immune response of the fish, among the immune parameters, significant increases in the lymphocyte, monocyte, cytokine, and phagocytic activity levels were observed in the R15 group. The results showed that the hematological and immune response to M. salmoniphilum infection was stimulated significantly in the 15% rosehip-fed fish. Hence, the effective dose of rosehip in fish was determined to be 15% and rosehip is suggested as an alternative to currently recommended immunostimulants.

In this study, Garra rufa Heckel, 1843 (popularly known as doctor fishes), which is a fatty fish species living in Kangal Balıklı Çermik Thermal Hot Springs and Topardıç Stream mixing with these hot spring waters, was investigated. Hematological and non-specific immune parameters were investigated by comparing each environment in terms of seasons and each season in terms of environments. The amount of erythrocyte (RBC) and leukocyte (WBC) in the stream was found to be increased in summer and decreased in winter. On the other hand, no seasonal differences were observed in the pools due to the thermal water. Hb, Hct, monocyte, neutrophil, phagocytic activity values were found to be low in the winters and high in the summers in the stream whereas no changes were observed in the pools. No difference was found between seasons and environments in terms of the amount of eosinophil cells. Lymphocyte and MCV levels in the stream were found to be increased in winter and decreased in summer. No change was observed in the pools. Seasonal and environmental no difference was observed in MCH values of both pools and the stream, whereas MCHC values in the stream were found to be high in summer and low in winter. In the research, differences in winter and summer seasons and effects of different environments in these values were investigated.

Introduction Wild populations of sturgeon have significantly decreased due to urbanization and human-made constructions such as dams preventing route lines of migration, overfishing, and water pollution, or a combination of these factors with others as well. As a result of the depletion of natural stocks, these sturgeon species have almost disappeared a long time ago. The high-value cultivation of sturgeon is important not only for economic returns but also for conservation of wild fish populations worldwide. Nowadays, a promising growth of sturgeon culture is drawing attention with an increase from 3100 t in 2000 to around 40,000 t in 2010, reaching about 100,000 t in 2017 (1). The Russian sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii, also known as diamond or Danube sturgeon) and the Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) are among the important species in recent sturgeon aquaculture practices. Sedatives and anesthetics are very useful for decreasing stress caused by aquaculture activities such as fish transport, artificial reproduction, handling, sorting, tagging, vaccination, or surgical procedures (2-4). Hematological parameters have a significant effect on the determination of conditions that can cause stress in fish (5). The determination of changes in blood parameters provides significantly important information regarding the physiological status of fish (6). Changes in some blood parameters are frequently used in the monitoring of the effect of physiological or sublethal stress caused by endogenous or exogenous changes in fish (7). Even though transport of live fish provides a better quality and better market price, plasma cortisol levels in fish shows remarkable variations. Transport causes a significant increase in plasma cortisol levels in fish (8,9). According to Ross and Ross (10) one of the biggest stressors is mechanical abrasion caused by the contact Abstract: Experiments were carried out to determine the effect of 2-phenoxyethanol to reduce stress response during the transportation of Russian and Siberian sturgeons. In transportation experiment 1 (TE 1), Siberian sturgeons (687.2 ± 17.41 g) were stocked in tanks and transported for 90 min (stocking density = 65 ± 0.71 kg/m 3). Before transport, 0.5 mg/L 2-phenoxyethanol was applied to the first group (TE 1-A , n = 285) but not to the second group (TE 1-B , n = 287). In transportation experiment 2 (TE 2), Russian sturgeons (1873 ± 159 g) were divided into two groups and stocked in tanks as they have a density of 60 ± 0.23 kg/m 3 water. Before transport, 0.6 mg/L of 2-phenoxyethanol was applied to the first group (TE 2-A , n = 99), the second group (TE 2-B , n = 101) was left without application. During the 10 h of transport period (at the 2, 4, 6, and 8 h), 0.6 mg/L 2-phenoxyethanol was applied to the fish in the first group (TE 2-A) every 2 h. The results revealed that plasma glucose and cortisol reached their highest level in the anesthetic-free groups (TE 1-B and TE 2-B) during transportation in both experiments. There was no difference in the protein lev...

The effect of concrete pond and net-cage culture systems on growth and haematological indices of the Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) were studied in a 90-day experiment. A total of 300 fish with a stocking density of 12.6 ± 0.37 kg/m 2 (initial average weight 1140 ± 53.8 g) were stocked in floating net-cages. Also, 276 fish with a stocking density of 12.6 ± 0.29 kg/m 2 and an initial average weight of 1097 ± 72.6 g were stocked in concrete ponds. Throughout the study, the average weight, mean length, and haematological parameters of the fish in each environment were recorded every 30 days. The fish in net-cages displayed higher growth rate (GR), specific growth rate (SGR), and body weight increase (BWI) as well as a lower food conversion rate (FCR) when compared to the fish in concrete ponds. No differences in the condition factor (CF) or survival rate (SR) were found in the trial. In terms of haematological parameters, there was no difference between the ponds and net-cages for the values of red (RBC) and white (WBC) blood cells, haematocrit (Hct), haemoglobin (Hb), MCV, MCH, MCHC, lymphocyte, monocyte, neutrophil, and eosinophil in the initial 30-day and 60-day sampling periods. In the 90-day sampling period, a statistical difference was found in the RBC, MCV, MCH, and WBC values between the ponds and net-cages. Furthermore, in the 90-day sampling period, no statistical difference was found in the Hct, Hb, MCHC, lymphocyte, monocyte, neutrophil, and eosinophil values. Consequently, the Siberian sturgeon culture in net-cages is advantageous to concrete ponds in regards to the growth parameters.

This study aims to determine the reference intervals of some hematological and immunological parameters in healthy Russian sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii Brandt & Ratzeburg, 1833) blood. These parameters are important indicators of fish physiological status and fish health. In the study, reference ranges of erythrocyte, leukocyte, lymphocyte, monocyte, eosinophil, neutrophil, basophil, and hematocrit values were determined for hematological parameters. In terms of immunological parameters, the reference intervals of TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-alpha), IFN-γ (interferon-gamma), IL-1β (interleukin 1 beta), IL-6 (interleukin 6) and IL-8 (interleukin 8) values were determined. The reference ranges we have detected; erythrocyte 0.77–1.23 × 106/mm3, leukocyte 9.21–16.96 × 103/mm3, lymphocyte 43.35–59.78%, monocyte 4.61–11.39%, eosinophil 3.27–6.52%, neutrophil 12.16–18.41%, hematocrit 22.14–28.63%, TNF-α 27.59–49.83 pg/ml, IFN-γ 66.25–79.34 pg/ml, IL-1β 1.08–1.76 pg/ml, IL-6 11.2–19.7 pg/ml and IL-8 31.4–52.7 pg/ml. It is thought that the hematological and immunological reference intervals detected in the Russian sturgeons which will contribute significantly to the determination of the health and physiological situation of these fish.

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The effect of the Yersinia ruckeri infection in the different tissues of 225 rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed with rosehip (Rosa canina) was researched by evaluating a range of factors such as hematological and histopathological findings, non-specific immune parameters, liver antioxidant parameters, and then determined mortality and relative percentage survival (RPS) rates.The study comprises control groups (C+, C−) and rosehip experimental groups (REGs): R10 (10%), R20 (20%) and R30 (30%). Following the 50-day feeding period, the fish were infected with Y. ruckeri and then blood, liver, spleen and kidney samples were taken. RBC, WBC, Hb, Hct and RBC indices, non-specific immune parameters, NBT, phagocytic activity and leukocyte formulas all significantly increased in R20 compared to other groups. Antioxidant parameters SOD, CAT and GSH values increased in the R20 and R30 groups, and the lowest RPS value was detected in R30 at 26.31%, while it increased in the R20 group to 42.09%. R30 showed no significant hematological and immunological effects, however, the immune cells were suppressed. In this research, R20 was determined to be the ideal dose, taking into account both health indicators and hematological parameters, as a defense mechanism against Y. ruckeri, showing the best antibacterial and antioxidant effects.