A simple, solar spectral model for direct-normal and diffuse horizontal irradiance

Bird, Richard E.

doi:10.1016/0038-092x(84)90260-3

Cited by 289 publications

(149 citation statements)

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“…Contributions to the integral from all depths below the photic zone are negligible for all practical purposes. Under clear-sky conditions, the irradiance at the sea surface I(0, t) can be calculated for any latitude and date according to standard astronomical functions (Bird, 1984;Bird and Riordan, 1986;Sathyendranath and Platt, 1988;Platt et al, 1990). Analytically, the time course of clear-sky irradiance I(t) can be described by a function with two parameters (D and the irradiance at local noon I m 0 ).…”

Section: Theoretical Background: Non-spectral-light Uniform-biomass mentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary Production: Sensitivity to Surface Irradiance and Implications for Archiving Data

et al. 2017

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An equation is derived to express the sensitivity of daily, watercolumn production by phytoplankton in the ocean to variations in irradiance at the sea surface. Assuming no spectral effects, and a vertically uniform chlorophyll profile, the sensitivity is a function only of the dimensionless irradiance. Spectral effects can be accounted for as a function of the chlorophyll concentration. At the global scale, the relative reduction in daily production consequent on halving the surface irradiance (representing the expected scope for variation in surface irradiance under natural conditions) is found to be from 30 to 40%. Choice of data source for irradiance may incur a further systematic error of up to 15%. Given that local irradiance (the principal forcing for primary production) may vary from day to day, the issue of how to archive production data for the most generality is discussed and recommendations made in this regard.

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Section: Theoretical Background: Non-spectral-light Uniform-biomass mentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary Production: Sensitivity to Surface Irradiance and Implications for Archiving Data

et al. 2017

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“…This diffuse radiation may constitute a significant component to the UV exposure received by humans' eyes and skin as it is incident from all directions and difficult to minimise with the usage of hats, tree shade and shade structures as it can reach surfaces shaded from the direct component. Modelling of the diffuse solar irradiances has been previously described (for example, Bird, 1984). Blumthaler and Ambach (1991) have measured the spectral global and diffuse solar ultraviolet radiation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diffuse component of solar ultraviolet radiation in tree shade

Parisi

Kimlin

Wong

et al. 2000

Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology

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“…Primary production was calculated at the C-SOLAS site using a spectral, non-uniform model (Sathyendranath et al 1989). We used the Ocean Primary Production software (available from IOCCG: www.ioccg.org) with numerical integration forced by Bird's (1984) clear-sky spectral irradiance model to estimate light at the sea surface; the ratio of yellow-substance absorption at 440 nm was set to 30% of the phytoplankton absorption at that wavelength (Sathyendranath et al 2001).Satellite application. Chl a concentration was estimated from SeaWiFS images using the NASA OC4 version 4.3 algorithm.…”

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confidence: 99%

Computation of primary production from remote sensing of ocean colour at the northwestern Atlantic C-SOLAS Lagrangian site

Forget¹,

Fuentes-Yaco²,

Sathyendranath³

et al. 2007

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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At the C-SOLAS Lagrangian Study site, the phytoplankton community was dominated by diatoms in declining bloom conditions, which were characterised by a decrease in primary production over time. Measurements of primary production were performed using photosynthesis-light experiments and simulated in situ incubations. Several methods were used to assign photosynthetic parameters for estimation of primary production from remote-sensing of ocean colour: (1) the nearestneighbour method (NNM), (2) a temperature-dependent model, (3) an iterative approach to retrieve photosynthetic parameters from in situ measurements of phytoplankton production, and (4) average values of measured parameters. Owing to the declining status of the diatom population and its patchy distribution, the magnitude of primary production measured from in situ incubations was highly variable. Under bloom conditions, all methods underestimated production compared with results of simulated in situ measurements; however, the NNM provided the closest estimates to the in situ measurements. In the declining bloom phase, the NNM overestimated primary production, whereas the iterative method returned estimates of production in good agreement with the in situ observations. In conditions characterized by mixed-phytoplankton populations, the NNM returned estimates in agreement with the observations. A new method is proposed for classifying image pixels using criteria accessible to remote sensing, according to the phase of the diatom bloom (bloom versus declining conditions) and according to community composition (diatom versus mixed population). Upon separating the database used for parameter assignment into 2 parts, one representing the general phytoplankton community and the other representing declining diatom conditions, estimates of chlorophyll a-normalised water-column production were in good agreement with in situ observations. KEY WORDS: Response · Primary production · Remote sensing of ocean colour · Photosynthetic parametersResale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher Mar Ecol Prog Ser 352: 27-38, 2007 through phytoplankton photosynthesis in the ocean amounts to 50 Gt C yr -1 and is equivalent in magnitude to terrestrial primary production , Behrenfeld & Falkowski 1997, Behrenfeld et al. 2001. Moreover, through the biological pump, a proportion of this carbon will be transferred to the ocean floor via sedimentation of organic material (Longhurst & Harrison 1989). Quantification of primary production in the ocean is therefore of central importance to programmes such as SOLAS.Remote sensing of ocean colour is an effective method for computing primary production on a global scale , Antoine et al. 1996, Behrenfeld & Falkowski 1997. The method relies on estimation of chl a at the surface, estimation of the attenuation coefficient for downwelling light and the assignment of parameters describing the biomass profile at each image pixel, as well as the photosynthetic response to available light . The first 2 est...

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A simple, solar spectral model for direct-normal and diffuse horizontal irradiance

Cited by 289 publications

References 14 publications

Primary Production: Sensitivity to Surface Irradiance and Implications for Archiving Data

Primary Production: Sensitivity to Surface Irradiance and Implications for Archiving Data

Diffuse component of solar ultraviolet radiation in tree shade

Computation of primary production from remote sensing of ocean colour at the northwestern Atlantic C-SOLAS Lagrangian site

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