Diffuse component of solar ultraviolet radiation in tree shade

Parisi, Alfio V.; Kimlin, Michael G.; Wong, Joe; Wilson, Meegan

doi:10.1016/s1011-1344(00)00003-8

Cited by 61 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Again the exposure to the posterior thigh is negligible. The differences compared to full sun are due to blocking of the direct component and the high relative proportion of diffuse radiation in tree shade [18].…”

Section: Uv Exposure Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lower body anatomical distribution of solar ultraviolet radiation on the human form in standing and sitting postures

Parisi

Kimlin

Lester

et al. 2003

Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology

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Section: Uv Exposure Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lower body anatomical distribution of solar ultraviolet radiation on the human form in standing and sitting postures

Parisi

Kimlin

Lester

et al. 2003

Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology

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“…The diffuse component may be up to 50% or higher [6]. This diffuse UV constitutes a significant contribution to the UV exposure to human eyes and skin as is it is incident from all directions and difficult to minimize with the usage of hats, tree shade and shade structures [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Parisi et al [8] conducted research into the efficiency of tree shade in the reduction of biologically effective radiation. This study found that over a summer period approximately 60% of the erythemal UV in the shade was due to the diffuse component.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectral UV in public shade settings

Turnbull

Parisi

2003

Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology

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The protective nature of specific shade environments was investigated by measuring the spectral UV in the shade for the three planes (horizontal, 45 o and vertical) and comparing this to that on a horizontal plane in full sun. Spectral UV irradiance measurements were made under clear sky conditions at a sub-tropical Southern Hemisphere site. The solar UV in the shade of a shade umbrella, covered verandah, covered sand pit and covered walkway were measured for an increasing solar zenith angle, between March and August, for the times of 11:30 am -12:30 pm and 2:30 pm -3:30 pm. The UPF's provided ranged from 1.4 to 10. This research shows that there is sufficient UV in the shade to cause erythema on the human body in a short period of time. For the shade umbrella placed on dry grass the time able to be spent in the shade in the middle of the day before experiencing mild erythema increased from 35 to 60 minutes as the solar zenith angle increased from 33 o to 52 o . Erythemal UV levels in the shade of a northern facing covered verandah, with trees in close proximity, were approximately up to five times less than the erythemal UV beneath the shade umbrella that had no surrounding trees. Shade structures must be given careful consideration when construction occurs. Even though the UV transmission through the materials may be very low, it is the construction of the entire shade setting that determines the exposure beneath the shade structure.

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“…For a tree variety with a dense canopy, it is expected that the shade ratio will be lower at the centre [1]. Additionally, it is expected that the spectral shade ratios will change for different solar zenith angles as the proportion of diffuse radiation changes [8]. However, in this paper, the spectral shade ratios were considered as an average for solar zenith angles between 40 o and 62 o for tree M and 25 o to 51 o for tree S. Although, the results may vary quantitatively for other types of trees at different latitudes, the qualitative variation of the shade ratios with wavelength and for the different sites in the tree shade can be applied in other cases of sparse and medium canopy density trees for relatively cloud free skies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cloud increases the ratio of the UV in tree shade compared to the UV in full sun [2] due to an increase in the diffuse component of the solar UV. This diffuse component is a major component of the solar ultraviolet radiation in tree shade [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%