A simple, robust, and on-site microwave technique for determining water-to-cement ratio (w/c) of fresh Portland cement-based materials

Mubarak, K.; Bois, K.J.; Zoughi, R.

doi:10.1109/19.963194

Cited by 46 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The percentages of raw materials of these specimens are given in [15]. The cement used in the experiment is the ASTM Type I normal Portland Cement, 100% of the sand mass consists of particles less than 4 mm in diameter.…”

Section: Mixture Proportions Of Specimensmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The measurement set-up and the calibration procedure for reflection and transmission properties of young mortar specimens were given in [15]. The set-up measures amplitudes of reflection and transmission coefficients from electric field strengths of incident, reflected, and transmitted waves.…”

Section: Measurement Setup and Calibration Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Far-field microwave measurements have also shown a great potential for the investigation of cement-based materials [7,[11][12][13][14][15][16]. These techniques are contact-free methods that deal with only the dominant excitation mode and also allow plane wave assumption for modelling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These techniques are contact-free methods that deal with only the dominant excitation mode and also allow plane wave assumption for modelling. This assumption considerably simplifies the numerical model for studying wave propagation in concrete structures [7,[13][14][15][16]. These techniques enable large area coverage, are very suitable for remote sensing [11], and do not necessitate special sample preparation [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The feasibility of a robust, free-space, and farfield microwave NDE technique for imaging cement-based materials via numerical simulations and experiments [7] and for inspecting reinforced concrete structures [12] was investigated. The dependencies of microwave far-field reflection and transmission properties of hardened mortar and concrete structures [13,14] and young mortar structures [15] on water-to-cement ratio (w/c), preparation, and curing conditions have also been reported. It has been shown that the speed of hydration process depends on various sides of cement-based materials as well as the w/c ratio and curing conditions [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Abstract-In concrete industry, there is a need for water-to-cement ratio (w/c) estimation of cement-based materials since the w/c ratio of cement mixtures is typically given at the batch plant, and this ratio, sometimes, is deliberately changed to have a more workable cement mixture. To meet the requirements of accurate w/c ratio determination of cement-based materials, in this research paper, we propose an artificial neural network approach for w/c ratio estimation of these materials using free-space non-contact reflection and transmission measurements of mortar specimens with w/c ratios of 0.40, 0.45, 0.50, 0.55 and 0.60. We have tested the network and observed less than 5 percent difference between the estimated and known values of w/c = 0.50.

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Section: Mixture Proportions Of Specimensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Measurement Setup and Calibration Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%