Microwave and Millimeter Wave Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation

Ida, Nathan

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-30050-4_59-1

Cited by 3 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…The need of auxiliary tools for interpretation comes from the GPR physical principle which is the electromagnetic propagation at radio or microwave frequencies. Real world scattering electromagnetic phenomena is a non-linear problem [5,6]. Thus, the antennas, their coupling with the ground and consequently the entire GPR system have non-linear behavior.…”

Section: Principles Of Gprmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is due to GPR’s advantages over other techniques such as radiography, impact-echo and so on. Some outstanding advantages are (but not limited to): the portability of the equipment because of its moderate weight, relative low cost of the survey, reasonable budget of the initial investment, speed at which data can be acquired, allowing large areas to be surveyed in relative short time frames and high versatility in terms of application for different purposes and scenarios [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the technique is based on electromagnetic traveling waves it is possible to remotely access the subsurface and produce images that are highly correlated with the actual target condition [3–6]. Today, GPR is used not only for infrastructure maintenance but also for applications in geoscience studies, environmental investigations and archaeology surveys.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Artificial Neural Networks and Machine Learning techniques applied to Ground Penetrating Radar: A review

Travassos

Avila

Ida

2020

ACI

Self Cite

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Ground Penetrating Radar is a multidisciplinary Nondestructive Evaluation technique that requires knowledge of electromagnetic wave propagation, material properties and antenna theory. Under some circumstances this tool may require auxiliary algorithms to improve the interpretation of the collected data. Detection, location and definition of target’s geometrical and physical properties with a low false alarm rate are the objectives of these signal post-processing methods. Basic approaches are focused in the first two objectives while more robust and complex techniques deal with all objectives at once. This work reviews the use of Artificial Neural Networks and Machine Learning for data interpretation of Ground Penetrating Radar surveys. We show that these computational techniques have progressed GPR forward from locating and testing to imaging and diagnosis approaches.

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Section: Principles Of Gprmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Artificial Neural Networks and Machine Learning techniques applied to Ground Penetrating Radar: A review

Travassos

Avila

Ida

2020

ACI

Self Cite

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“…Detailed descriptions of the detection principles, setups and probes used in each method can be found in Refs. 117–119. The focusing methods and microwave thermography can be adopted in either the near or far field.…”

Section: Interaction Between Microwaves and Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of microwave techniques used in the manufacture and fault detection of aircraft composites

Li¹,

Wang²,

Haigh³

et al. 2020

Aeronaut. j.

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Microwaves are a form of electromagnetic radiation commonly used for telecommunications, navigation and food processing. More recently microwave technologies have found applications in fibre-reinforced polymer composites, which are increasingly used in aircraft structures. Microwave energy can be applied with low power (up to milliwatts) for non-destructive testing and high power (up to kilowatts) for heating/curing purposes. The state-of-the-art applications at high power include curing, three-dimensional (3D) printing, joining and recycling, whereas low-power microwave techniques can provide quality checks, strain sensing and damage inspection. Low-power microwave testing has the advantage of being non-contact, there is no need for surface transducers or couplants, it is operator friendly and relatively inexpensive; high-power microwave energy can offer volumetric heating, reduced processing time and energy saving with no ionising hazards. In this paper the recent research progress is reviewed, identifying achievements and challenges. First, the critical electromagnetic properties of composites that are closely related to the heating and sensing performance are discussed. Then, representative case studies are presented. Finally, the trends are outlined, including intelligent/automated inspection and solid-state heating.

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“…Near-field microwave imaging and nondestructive testing (NDT) have demonstrated tremendous potential in many applications [1], [2]. These techniques are emerging as practical alternatives to standard NDT methods, for instance, phased array ultrasonic inspection for low-loss dielectric material evaluation as well as surface defects detection in metals [3], [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Resolution and Polarization Independent Microwave Near-Field Imaging Using Planar Resonator Probes

et al. 2020

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Various near-field microwave imaging probes were developed previously for nondestructive testing of material structures. Sensitivity and resolution are key parameters for quantifying the efficacy of a given imaging probe. For polarized targets like cracks, the sensitivity of conventional aperture probes depends on the relative orientation between the probe's electric-field vector and the target. In practice, target orientation is typically unknown. Furthermore, the imaging resolution of conventional aperture probes is limited to aperture dimensions. Obtaining imaging resolution in the order of few millimeters using conventional aperture probes requires operation at high frequencies, (above 30 GHz). In contrast, planar probes consisting of loops loaded with spiral resonators could provide resolution in the order of few millimeters while working at relatively low frequencies (below 1 GHz). Unlike conventional aperture probes, the radiated near-fields of these probes are characterized by two significant components oriented along orthogonal axes. Therefore, the probe intrinsically provides a polarization-independent response. In this paper, the near-field imaging resolution of the planar resonator probe is further enhanced, and its polarizationindependent response is demonstrated for the first time. The response of three planar probe prototypes of different dimensions is analyzed based on numerical simulation and experimental results. The performance of the probes is extensively evaluated by acquiring line-scans and 2D-images of metal and dielectric samples. The near-field images of the metal sample obtained using the planar probes working below 1 GHz are compared to the images obtained using aperture probes working at 24 GHz, 33 GHz, and 70 GHz. Furthermore, the probe imaging performance for a polarized target (i.e., narrow cuts) is compared to dualpolarized circular probe working at 24 GHz and open-ended coaxial probe working at 10 GHz. Overall, the proposed probe yielded more than twofold increase in the image signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) compared to all the probes utilized herein. INDEX TERMS non-destructive testing, microwave imaging, planar probe, near-field, polarization, spiral resonator This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.

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Microwave and Millimeter Wave Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation

Cited by 3 publications

References 94 publications

Artificial Neural Networks and Machine Learning techniques applied to Ground Penetrating Radar: A review

Artificial Neural Networks and Machine Learning techniques applied to Ground Penetrating Radar: A review

Review of microwave techniques used in the manufacture and fault detection of aircraft composites

High Resolution and Polarization Independent Microwave Near-Field Imaging Using Planar Resonator Probes

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