A simple poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene)/poly(styrene sulfonic acid) transistor for glucose sensing at neutral pH

Zhu, Zhengtao; Mabeck, Jeffrey T.; Zhu, Changcheng; Cady, Nathaniel C.; Batt, Carl A.; Malliaras, George G.

doi:10.1039/b403327m

Cited by 195 publications

(174 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…[1][2] One example is organic electronic ion pumps, 15 which are able to precisely control the flow of ions between two reservoirs, and have been used to pump neurotransmitters and stimulate cochlear cells in the inner ear of a guinea pig. [3][4][5] Another example is organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) that are being developed for a variety of biosensing 20 applications, including the detection of ions, [6][7][8] metabolites (such as glucose 9 and lactate 10 ) and antibodies. 11 Originally developed by Wrighton in the 80's, 12 OECTs consist of a conducting polymer film (channel of the transistor) in contact with an electrolyte.…”

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Electrochemical transistors with ionic liquids for enzymatic sensing

et al. 2010

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We report an enzymatic sensor based on an organic electrochemical transistor that uses a room temperature ionic liquid as an integral part of its structure and as an immobilization medium for the enzyme and the mediator. 10 Although conducting polymer electrodes have been used in biosensing and actuation for decades, recent developments in the field of organic electronics have made available a variety of devices that bring unique capabilities at the interface with biology. 1-2 One example is organic electronic ion pumps, 15 which are able to precisely control the flow of ions between two reservoirs, and have been used to pump neurotransmitters and stimulate cochlear cells in the inner ear of a guinea pig. [3][4][5] Another example is organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) that are being developed for a variety of biosensing 20 applications, including the detection of ions, 6-8 metabolites (such as glucose 9 and lactate 10 ) and antibodies. 11 Originally developed by Wrighton in the 80's, 12 OECTs consist of a conducting polymer film (channel of the transistor) in contact with an electrolyte. A gate electrode is 25 immersed in the electrolyte, while source and drain electrodes make contact to the channel and allow a measurement of its conductance. 13 A polymer that is commonly used in OECTs is poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS). In a typical experiment, a positive 30 potential is applied at the gate electrode, which causes cations from the electrolyte to enter the PEDOT:PSS film and dedope it, causing a decrease in its conductance. This manifests itself as a change in the current that flows between the source and drain electrodes. 13 35 OECTs exhibit a typical feature associated with transistors, namely a small current at the gate electrode can cause a large change in the current that flows in the channel, and as such it has been used to amplify biological signals. The gate electrode, for example, can be used as a "working electrode", 40 and the current that flows in it as a result of a redox reaction can be amplified by the OECT. This amplification manifests itself by the fact that the sensor's sensitivity increases with gate voltage, 14 and leads to devices that require very simple electronics for signal readout. Zhu et al. took advantage of 45 this fact to demonstrate a simple sensor for glucose in phosphate buffered saline (PBS). 9 The sensor consisted of a PEDOT:PSS OECT with a Pt gate electrode and with the redox enzyme glucose oxidase (GOx) dissolved in the electrolyte (PBS). This work was extended to demonstrate 50 sensors that work down to the micromolar concentration range, 14 can be made entirely out of polymers by using an appropriate mediator, 15 and operate with other redox enzymes, allowing the development of multianalyte sensors. 10 In In this communication, we report an enzymatic sensor based on an OECT that uses a RTIL as an integral part of its structure. The strategy we follow involves patterning the 75 RTIL over the active area of ...

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Electrochemical transistors with ionic liquids for enzymatic sensing

et al. 2010

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“…This concept was recently demonstrated in an organic electronic "ion pump" 18 . When addressing the device with a driving voltage, K + was electrophoretically transported from a source electrolyte, through a film of the conducting polymer 19 poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) [20][21][22] , into a target reservoir containing neuronal cells. Local increase of extracellular [K + ] depolarized the cell membrane, thereby activating membrane-bound Ca 2+ pumps, i.e., the electronic input signals were translated into ion fluxes and, in turn, activation of intracellular signal transduction pathways.…”

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Organic electronics for precise delivery of neurotransmitters to modulate mammalian sensory function

et al. 2009

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“…They have also been proposed as biosensors for lactic acid, glucose, and streptavidin as well as large-area flexible pressure sensors for artificial-skin applications (8)(9)(10)(11)(12). This technology can take great advantage of the rapid developments occurring in the field of organic electronics, in which OTFTs have already been implemented in complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) circuits and in flexible plastic displays.…”

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