A Simple Physical Model For Forest Fire Spread Rate

Koo, Eunmo; Pagni, Patrick J.; Woycheese, John P.; Stephens, Scott L.; Weise, David R.; Huff, Jeremy

doi:10.3801/iafss.fss.8-851

Cited by 50 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The temperature of a cell is determined using the equation of energy conservation [6,7]. Let us consider a combustible cell j located at a distance d ij from the burning cell i (Fig.…”

Section: The Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling wildland fire propagation using a semi-physical network model

Adou

Brou

Porterie

2015

Case Studies in Fire Safety

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“…The temperature of a cell is determined using the equation of energy conservation [6,7]. Let us consider a combustible cell j located at a distance d ij from the burning cell i (Fig.…”

Section: The Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling wildland fire propagation using a semi-physical network model

Adou

Brou

Porterie

2015

Case Studies in Fire Safety

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“…Finally, the bark detachment induces a decrease in the ignition temperature, which is close to the value obtained for the twigs with diameters of 1 mm and 2 mm. In several modeling approaches for forest fire spread [6,8,10,46,47], the temperature is used to model the moment of ignition. When the temperature reaches the ignition temperature, the fire is considered to be at the position of the ignited cell of fuel considered.…”

Section: Temperature At Ignitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autoignition of Dead Shrub Twigs: Influence of Diameter on Ignition

et al. 2015

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The effect of the diameter of dead twigs of Cistus monspeliensis on their ignition was studied experimentally and theoretically. Autoignition experiments were carried out in a cone calorimeter. The ignition time, surface temperature before ignition, flame residence time, smoldering time and mass loss were measured. The particles were classified into two groups based on their ignitability. The first group contained the most flammable twigs, which had diameters smaller than or equal to 4 mm, along with leaves. The second one included twigs with diameters equal to or larger than 5 mm. For a radiant heat flux of 50 kW/m 2 , the 4-mm value appeared to be the upper limit for the size of the particles potentially involved in the spread dynamics of wildfires. However, bark detachment was observed on the thickest twigs, which greatly decreased their ignition time. Two ignition criteria were investigated: the ignition temperature and critical mass flux. The ignition temperature increased with the twig diameter, showing that this quantity should be carefully considered in ignition models. A thermal ignition model was proposed to determine the ignition time of twigs according to their diameter. The critical mass flux appeared to be fairly constant for any fuel diameter and could also be convenient for modeling the ignition of shrub fuels.

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“…In this paper, it is assumed that the flame is an isothermal sheet with a uniform emissivity [16]. Thus the heat radiation from the flame (denoted by A 1 ) to any finite area of A 2 on the surface of the fuel bed is…”

Section: Radiant Heat Transfermentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Research on Upslope Fire and Jump Fire

Xie¹,

Liu²,

Viegas³

et al. 2014

Fire Saf. Sci.

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This paper presents an elementary analysis on the difference and similarity between upslope fire and jump fire, by a series of experiments performed in laboratory. The rate of spread (ROS), fire line angle (separation angle of the two fire lines), angular velocity of fire line, flame residence time and nondimensional radiant heat transfer for the two kinds of phenomena are investigated. For upslope fire, it is found that ROS remains almost steady for line ignition, while it increases with time for point ignition. For upslope fires with line ignition, the fire line angle decreases with time from the initial 180 o to a steady small value, while for point ignition, the initially generated fire line angle remains steady. The angular velocity of fire line does not depend on slope angle in an upslope fire with line ignition. For jump fire, the ROS first increases sharply and then decreases gradually, and it depends on slope angle more significantly than the initial fire line angle. The fire line angle increases with time, and the angular velocity of fire line varies with slope angle. For upslope fires with line ignition, the flame residence time increases with slope angle, while it remains almost constant for upslope tests with point ignition. For jump fire, under one specific initial fire line angle, the overall mean residence time increases with increasing slope angle. Nondimensional heat radiation for fuel preheating is calculated which effectively explains the ROS development in upslope fire with line ignition and jump fire.

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A Simple Physical Model For Forest Fire Spread Rate

Cited by 50 publications

References 16 publications

Modeling wildland fire propagation using a semi-physical network model

Modeling wildland fire propagation using a semi-physical network model

Autoignition of Dead Shrub Twigs: Influence of Diameter on Ignition

Experimental Research on Upslope Fire and Jump Fire

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