A simple ‘paper smear’ method for dry collection, transport and storage of cervical cytological specimens for rapid screening of HPV infection by PCR

Kailash, Uma; Hedau, Suresh; Gopalkrishna, Varanasi; Katiyar, Sanjay; Das, Bhudev C.

doi:10.1099/0022-1317-51-7-606

Cited by 41 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Furthermore, Shah et al (2001) showed that agreement was best for the detection of high-risk HPV types, similar to our study. The transfer of clinician-collected exfoliated cervical cells onto dry filter paper has also been evaluated as a method for transporting and storing samples for HPV testing (Banura et al 2008;Kailash et al, 2002;Shukla et al, 2010); however, this method would not be feasible or effective for at-home selfcollection due to challenges inherent in smearing the cells onto the paper (Banura et al 2008;Shukla et al, 2010), which would result in a higher likelihood of sample insufficiency (Shukla et al, 2010) and would rely on the provision of a cytobrush or Ayre's spatula for sample adequacy (Shukla et al, 2010).…”

Section: Hpv Detectedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On: Fri, 11 May 2018 05:45:26 collection and transportation methods for detecting Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis (Gaydos et al, 2002) and HPV (Shah et al, 2001;Feng et al, 2010;Kailash et al, 2002;Shukla et al, 2010). There is some concern that shipped samples have the potential for loss of HPV DNA through sample degradation (Baay et al, 2009;Feng et al, 2010) and that this may be more pronounced in samples transported in a dry state (Feng et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of dry and wet transport of at-home self-collected vaginal swabs for human papillomavirus testing

Wolfrum

Koutsky

Feng

et al. 2012

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Our objective was to compare human papillomavirus (HPV) detection in paired self-collected vaginal samples transported by overnight mail in liquid specimen transport medium (STM) (wet) or in dry tubes (dry). Women aged 18-24 years were recruited online to self-collect vaginal swab samples at home for HPV testing and 159 women returned paired wet and dry samples. Dry samples were rehydrated with STM upon arrival at the laboratory. HPV was detected by the Roche Linear Array HPV genotyping test (37 genotypes) and Kappa and McNemar statistics were used to compare wet versus dry samples for detecting HPV. Of the subjects tested in this study, 51 % were HPV-positive (in either sample) and 40 % were positive for high-risk HPV. A total of 216 type-specific infections were detected among the 80 HPV-positive women. Almost perfect agreement was observed between paired samples for detecting any HPV (subject-level positive agreement: 91.9 %, k: 0.85) or type-specific HPV (positive agreement across types: 90.1 %, k: 0.90). Similar agreement between sample types was seen when testing for high-risk types and 81.9 % of all type-specific infections were detected in both samples. Among discordant pairs, wet samples were 3.3 times more likely to be positive for type-specific HPV than dry samples (P50.02). However, in 63.6 % of wet-positive/dry-negative discordant pairs analysed for viral load, type-specific HPV was either undetectable or detected at a low level (,100 copies) in the wet samples, suggesting that the majority of infections missed by using dry samples are less likely to be clinically relevant. Our results indicate that dry transport is a feasible option for transporting at-home self-collected vaginal samples for HPV DNA testing.

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Section: Hpv Detectedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of dry and wet transport of at-home self-collected vaginal swabs for human papillomavirus testing

Wolfrum

Koutsky

Feng

et al. 2012

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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“…The dry paper smears were carried to Regional Medical Research Centre (RMRC) for North East India situated at Dibrugarh, for detection of HPV DNA by PCR. The HPV DNA PCR was carried out according to the method described by Kailashet al, (2002) [11] andSotlar K et al,. (2004) [12] .…”

Section: B Specimen Collection For Hpv Dna In Dry Filter Papermentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Human Papilloma Virus Dna From Dry Paper Cervical Smear- A Hospital Based Study

Śarmā¹,

Mahanta²,

Borkakoty³

et al. 2013

LSMR

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“…For example, dry swab samples could be collected and stored at 4°C before being processed for HPV detection (9, 13). Cervical smear samples could also be collected on filter paper for HPV detection (2,7,8). However, no studies have investigated the feasibility of collecting, storing, and shipping dry swab samples at room temperature for HPV detection or the effect of dry sample collection on DNA degradation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Transported Dry and Wet Cervical Exfoliated Samples for Detection of Human Papillomavirus Infection

Feng¹,

Cherne²,

Popov³

et al. 2010

J Clin Microbiol

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We determined the feasibility of human papillomavirus (HPV) detection in cervical exfoliated cells collected as dry swab samples. Both dry cervical swab and specimen transport medium (STM) cervical swab samples were collected from 135 patients attending either colposcopy or women's clinics in Guayaquil, Ecuador, who had a cytology diagnosis within 6 months. HPV was detected by dot blot hybridization and genotyped by the liquid bead microarray assay (LBMA). Overall, 23.1% of dry samples were positive for any high-risk HPV types, and 24.6% of STM samples were positive for any high-risk HPV types. Of 125 paired samples, the type-specific high-risk HPV proportion positive agreement was 60.7% (kappa, 0.69; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.53 to 0.82). Of six women with cytological evidence of invasive cervical cancer, high-risk HPV DNA was detected in three of their STM samples and in five of their dry samples. Dry samples were more likely to be insufficient for HPV testing than STM samples. Consistent with this observation, the amount of genomic DNA quantitated with the ␤-actin gene was almost 20 times lower in dry samples than in STM samples when detected by the real-time TaqMan assay; however, HPV DNA viral loads in dry samples were only 1.6 times lower than those in matched STM samples. We concluded that exfoliated cervical cells could be collected as dry swab samples for HPV detection.Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection causes warts and various cancerous and precancerous lesions in men and women. It has been established that high-risk HPV infection is the etiological agent of cervical cancer, which affects almost half a million women worldwide and has a 50% mortality rate (12,18). In developed countries, cervical cancer control relies on routine cytology screening to detect and treat cervical cancer precursor lesions, and HPV detection has been used for the management of women with equivocal cytology results (1,4,14). In resource-poor settings where cytology-based screening is difficult to implement, HPV detection has been proposed as the alternative primary screening test for cervical cancer (4, 17).Currently, HPV detection is performed on cervical samples collected in liquid medium by a trained clinician, which is often impractical or unavailable in remote areas and developing countries. Several approaches have been proposed to simplify the sample collection process for HPV detection. For example, HPV detection in self-collected vaginal swab samples has been proposed as a method that would eliminate the need for clinical visits, and we have shown that HPV detected in selfcollected vaginal swab samples stored in specimen transport medium (STM) had sensitivity and specificity similar to those of clinician-collected cervical swab samples stored in STM for detecting cervical neoplasia (16). Currently, cervical exfoliated cells are collected either in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), which is inexpensive but requires constant refrigeration, or in various liquid media, such as STM or Preservcyt, which preserve HPV D...

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A simple ‘paper smear’ method for dry collection, transport and storage of cervical cytological specimens for rapid screening of HPV infection by PCR

Cited by 41 publications

References 21 publications

Evaluation of dry and wet transport of at-home self-collected vaginal swabs for human papillomavirus testing

Evaluation of dry and wet transport of at-home self-collected vaginal swabs for human papillomavirus testing

Detection of Human Papilloma Virus Dna From Dry Paper Cervical Smear- A Hospital Based Study

Evaluation of Transported Dry and Wet Cervical Exfoliated Samples for Detection of Human Papillomavirus Infection

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