A simple model for predicting sunburn on Satsuma mandarin fruit

Park, YoSup; Kim, Mi-Sun; Yun, Seok Kyu; Kim, Sang Suk; Joa, Jae–Ho

doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2021.110658

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…1’ fruits is approximately 47 °C. This result supports the peel temperature threshold suggested by Park et al [ 8 ]. Therefore, the soaking treatment method appears to help test the heat tolerance of other cultivars or newly developed ones.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…According to Minessy et al [ 15 ], the average annual temperature of citrus peels exposed to direct sunlight in summer is approximately 5–7 °C higher than the maximum atmospheric temperature. Park et al [ 8 ] reported that the sunburn prediction modeling of ‘Ilnam No. 1’ fruit, using a temperature gradient tunnel, showed sunburn symptoms when the peel temperature threshold was 46 °C for more than 3 h.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The increase in the average temperature and frequency of heat waves in summer has been evident since the mid-1990s and is common in Korea and East Asia [ 7 ]. Park et al [ 8 ] reported that the sunburn risk days in 2010–2019 were more than twice the number in previous decades. Therefore, it is expected that fruit damage from sunburn will continue to increase in the future.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The susceptibility to sunburn differs according to the citrus cultivars [ 15 , 16 ]. Sunburn is more severe in the early-ripening cultivars, significantly decreasing early citrus production [ 8 ]. Particularly, it is difficult to distinguish between sunburned and non-sunburned fruits when the fruit skin starts to color after the high-temperature period in summer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In apples, sunburn browning appears at increased fruit surface temperatures (FST) of 46–49 °C, whereas sunburn necrosis occurs at 52 °C [ 3 ]. In ‘Miyagawa wase’ (C. unshiu Marc) satsuma mandarin, sunburn was induced at 45 °C through heat treatment [ 25 ], while Park et al [ 8 ] suggest that predictions of sunburn occurred above 46 °C in ‘Nichinan 1 gou’ satsuma mandarin fruit by prediction modeling. However, studies on the heat tolerance of rind closely related to sunburn in ‘Nichinan 1 gou’ satsuma mandarin are insufficient.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Anatomical Differences and Physiological Responses of Sunburned Satsuma Mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) Fruits

Kim

Park

Yun

et al. 2022

Plants

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Sunburn causes fruit browning and other physiological symptoms, reducing fruit production and quality. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the anatomical differences and abiotic stress responses in ‘Nichinan 1 gou’ satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) according to the severity of sunburn damage (five grades: control, no sunburn; I to IV, increasing severity of sunburn). Additionally, the quality of sunburned and non-sunburned fruits was compared, and the sunburn-inducing temperature was estimated. Anatomical observations confirmed that with increased severity of symptoms, the damage to fruit rind surface and oil glands was increased. In the analysis of peel pigments, chlorophyll content in the rind gradually decreased compared with IV, whereas the carotenoid content gradually increased up to III. The flavonoid content in the peel and pulp was the highest in III. In the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2′-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical analyses, the IC50 (the concentration of compound at which the percentage of inhibition is 50%) value was the lowest in grade III in peel or IV in pulp, indicating a high free radical scavenging ability. The fruit quality analysis between sunburned and non-sunburned fruits showed differences in total soluble solid content, total acidity, firmness, coloration, and free sugar and organic acid contents, indicating a significant effect on fruit quality. In the heat tolerance tests on fruit rind in the laboratory and field, the damage was confirmed at temperatures above 47 °C.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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