Water deficit limits the establishment of sugarcane plants from pre-sprouted seedlings (PSS). Silicon (Si) can mitigate such stress, and your supply in plants with the active absorption mechanism is carried out through roots. However, foliar spraying has been practiced to supply Si in PSS production nurseries. Althought it is known that Si via roots can alter C: N: P ratios, nothing has been reported about its supply via foliar spraying, nor whether such changes interfere with structural nutrient use efficiency and with plant physiological responses. Thus, this study aimes to asses whether Si foliar spraying changes C: N: P ratios and increases the nutritional efficiency of PSS, as well as whether water deficiency interferes with such a relationships. For these purposes, three experiments were carried out. In experiment I, treatments consisted of two sugarcane cultivars (CTC 4 and RB 966928) and three Si supply forms (in nutrient solution via roots [SiR], via foliar spraying [SiL], and one control with the absence of Si [-Si]). The same Si supply forms were used in the other two experiments. In experiment II, a short-term water deficit was induced by polyethylene glycol addition to nutrient solution (-0.6 MPa) for three days. In experiment III, a long-term water deficit was imposed using levels of soil water retention capacity (70% [no water deficit], 50% [moderate water deficit], and 30% [severe water deficit] for 30 days. Our findings revealed that Si supply decreased C concentrations regardless of water conditions and that N and P concentrations varied with Si supply form and water deficit level. Moreover, root- and foliar-applied Si modified the C: N: P stoichiometry and increased C use efficiency in PSS, which thus increased N and P use efficiencies. Such an increased nutritional performance helped adjust physiological parameters and increase dry matter yield in PSS, both under water stress and non-stress conditions. Further, Si foliar spraying promoted structural effects on PSS regardless of water conditions, even if sugarcane has an active absorption via roots. In conclusion, foliar spraying can be used to supply Si in PSS production nurseries.

This study is aimed at assessing whether silicon (Si) can mitigate the effects caused by water stress in pre-sprouted seedlings (PSS) in sugarcane after their transplanting in the soil and what is the best form in the application if via nutrient solution or leaf spraying. The treatments were arranged in a 3 × 3 factorial scheme with silicon supply via nutrient solution (2 mmol L −1), Si via leaf application (3.4 mmol L −1), and without Si (control) and three levels of soil water retention capacity (70%, 50%, and 30%), for 30 days. In the absence of Si, the water deficit was damaging to the physiological, growth, and dry matter production variables of plants, in a 30% level of soil water retention capacity. Silicon supply via nutrient solution was more efficient when compared with Si via leaf spraying in the formation of pre-sprouted sugarcane seedlings in the first 30 days after transplanting, since it increased the quantum efficiency of photosystem II, chlorophyll content, leaf water potential, and water content, decreased cell electrolyte leakage and free proline content, and allowed a higher growth and biomass production. In conclusion, the supply of Si via nutrient solution in pre-sprouted sugarcane seedlings can be considered a feasible alternative to alleviate water deficit damage imposed after transplanting, in a 30% level of soil water retention capacity.

High root absorption of silicon (Si) in sugarcane plants that accumulate the element attenuates water deficit-induced damage. However, there is a lack of research to identify whether the low relative absorption of Si via leaf spraying compared to root application has an immediate antioxidant effect on plants under water restriction. For How to cite this article: Teixeira GCM, de Mello Prado R, Rocha AMS. Low absorption of silicon via foliar in comparison to root application has an immediate antioxidant effect in mitigating water deficit damage in sugarcane.

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of silicon (Si) on iron (Fe) deficiency in sorghum plants grown in a nutrient solution, seeing that sorghum crops are sensitive to iron deficiency and Si may alleviate this deficiency. Nonetheless, the nutritional mechanisms underlying this process have not been fully elucidated in this plant species. Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial scheme and completely randomized block design, in the absence or presence of Si (2 mmol L −1) and under Fe deficiency or sufficiency, with five repetitions. The sources of Si and Fe were stabilized sorbitol sodium and potassium silicate (Si = 113.4 g L −1) and Fe-EDDHA chelate (Fe = 6%), respectively. The plants were cultured in pots filled with washed sand, and Si was supplied via nutrient solution at a concentration of 2 mmol L −1. The concentrations of Fe used in this study were 368 μmol L −1 for sufficiency conditions and 55.2 μmol L −1 for deficiency conditions. Our results showed that Si has a beneficial effect on sorghum plants under Fe deficiency by increasing the chlorophyll content and decreasing concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA). In addition, the application of Si increased the efficiency of translocation and utilization of Fe in plants under this micronutrient deficiency. In conclusion, Si reduced Fe deficiency in sorghum plants by increasing the concentration of photosynthetic pigments, reducing lipid peroxidation, improving the efficiency of Fe translocation and utilization, and resulting in a greater dry weight accumulation.

The impacts of climate change on the planet are increasing and one of the main problems is the occurrence of extreme weather events such as droughts and floods. The effects of climate change are expected to increase cultivation in areas with fewer freshwater resources available and longer periods of water stress limitation (Oki & Kanae, 2006).Water deficiency stands out for being common in tropical ecosystems (Monteiro et al., 2014), and it directly affects pastures that

Climate change has increased the occurrence of water deficit in regions where sugarcane and energy cane are cultivated, jeopardizing dry matter production of stems. It was hypothesized that the reasons behind this fact relate to C:N:P stoichiometric modifications in these species that impair the conversion rates of accumulated nutrients in the stems, which could be attenuated by supplying silicon (Si) to the crops. Thus, the aims of this study were to evaluate the effects of water deficit in sugarcane and energy cane ratoons in the presence and absence of Si, in the C:N:P stoichiometry of stems, in the use efficiency of these nutrients and in the accumulation of dry matter in stems. Two experiments were carried out, using sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) and energy cane (S. spontaneum), cultivated in pots filled with a Typic Quartzipisamment. The treatments for both experiments were arranged in a factorial scheme 2 × 2, without (70% of the soil’s water retention capacity) and with (30% of the capacity) water deficit, without and with the application of Si via fertirrigation, associated with foliar pulverization, both at a concentration of 2.5 mmol L−1, arranged in randomized blocks. The reduction in dry matter production of stems in both species caused by water deficit was due to modifications of the C, N and P stoichiometric homeostasis, but the benefit of Si in these plants when increasing dry matter production was not a reflection of the change in homeostasis, thus it may be involved in other mechanisms that remain unknown and should be further studied.

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