A simple method to isolate salt-tolerant myxobacteria from marine samples

Li, Yue-zhong; Hu, Wei; Zhang, Yuqing; Qiu, Zhi jun; Zhang, Yong; Wu, Bin

doi:10.1016/s0167-7012(02)00029-5

Cited by 54 publications

(54 citation statements)

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“…Salt-tolerant fruiting myxobacterial strains from coastal environments can also be found if the enriching medium is prepared with diluted seawater (16). The salt-tolerant myxobacterial strains exhibit significant shifts in growth, development, and cellular behavior in response to the presence or absence of seawater.…”

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Seawater-Regulated Genes for Two-Component Systems and Outer Membrane Proteins in Myxococcus

Liu

et al. 2009

J Bacteriol

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When salt-tolerant Myxococcus cells are moved to a seawater environment, they change their growth, morphology, and developmental behavior. Outer membrane proteins and signal transduction pathways may play important roles in this shift. Chip hybridization targeting the genes predicted to encode 226 twocomponent signal transduction pathways and 74 outer membrane proteins of M. xanthus DK1622 revealed that the expression of 55 corresponding genes in the salt-tolerant strain M. fulvus HW-1 was significantly modified (most were downregulated) by the presence of seawater. Sequencing revealed that these seawater-regulated genes are highly homologous in both strains, suggesting that they have similar roles in the lifestyle of Myxococcus. Seven of the genes that had been reported in M. xanthus DK1622 are involved in different cellular processes, such as fruiting body development, sporulation, or motility. The outer membrane (Om) gene Om031 had the most significant change in expression (downregulated) in response to seawater, while the twocomponent system (Tc) gene Tc105 had the greatest increase in expression. Their homologues MXAN3106 and MXAN4042 were knocked out in DK1622 to analyze their functions in response to changes in salinity. In addition to having increased salt tolerance, sporulation of the MXAN3106 mutant was enhanced compared to that of DK1622, whereas mutating gene MXAN4042 produced contrary results. The results indicated that the genes that are involved in the cellular processes that are significantly changed in response to salinity may also be involved the salt tolerance of Myxococcus cells. Regulating the expression levels of these multifunctional genes may allow cells to quickly and efficiently respond to changing conditions in coastal environments.Isolation techniques based on the formation of fruiting body structures reveal that myxobacteria primarily inhabit various terrestrial environments (5, 20). Salt-tolerant fruiting myxobacterial strains from coastal environments can also be found if the enriching medium is prepared with diluted seawater (16). The salt-tolerant myxobacterial strains exhibit significant shifts in growth, development, and cellular behavior in response to the presence or absence of seawater. For example, when grown in medium with yeast cells as the only nutrient source, the salt-tolerant strain Myxococcus fulvus HW-1 requires a high cell concentration to initiate growth if the cells were collected from seawater-free cultures; the threshold number of cells required for growth decreases if the cells were from seawatercontaining cultures (31). On nutrient-deficient plates, salt-tolerant Myxococcus strains are able to develop typical fruiting bodies only when the seawater concentration is low or absent (the optimal seawater concentration for the development of fruiting bodies varies from 0% to 60% for different salt-tolerant Myxococcus strains) (27). Although the development process is inhibited by high concentrations of seawater, the myxospores can be developed directly from vegetat...

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Seawater-Regulated Genes for Two-Component Systems and Outer Membrane Proteins in Myxococcus

Liu

et al. 2009

J Bacteriol

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“…Extraction of genomic DNA from cells and PCR amplification and sequencing of 16S rRNA genes were performed using previously described methods (Li et al, 2002). For phylogenetic analysis, nucleotide sequences were aligned using the CLUSTAL_X computer program (version 1.83; Thompson et al, 1997).…”

Section: Phylogenetic Analysis Based On 16s Rrna Gene Sequencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taxonomic analysis of Sorangium strains based on HSP60 and 16S rRNA gene sequences and morphology

Jiang

Zhao

Zhang

et al. 2008

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLO

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“…Using specific identification techniques on the basis of their social characteristics, such as the ability to form fruiting bodies and characteristic swarms, myxobacterial strains have been identified in various terrestrial habits (Reichenbach, 1999;Dawid, 2000). These cultured soil myxobacterial strains are normally unable to grow in a high-salt environment (Reichenbach, 1999;Li et al, 2002). Furthermore, when placed in liquid, soil myxobacterial cells typically grow in clumps or by adhering to the container walls.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Continuously subculturing the soil myxobacterium Myxococcus xanthus in liquid causes cells to lose social behavior (Velicer et al, 1998). However, some halophilic and halotolerant myxobacterial strains have been isolated from marine environments (Iizuka et al, 1998(Iizuka et al, , 2003aFudou et al, 2002;Li et al, 2002). On the basis of phylogenetic analyses and living patterns, the halophilic myxobacteria are considered to be indigenous to the ocean, whereas the halotolerant myxobacteria are probably soil myxobacterial strains that have adapted to oceanic conditions (Zhang et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Myxococcus fulvus HW-1 is a typical salt-tolerant marine strain, which was isolated from a coastal sample (Li et al, 2002). When cultured in a low concentration of saltwater, the strain exhibits a culture phenotype similar to soil myxobacterial strains, such as developing fruiting bodies and myxospores in response to starvation on solid surfaces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hdsp, a horizontally transferred gene required for social behavior and halotolerance in salt-tolerant Myxococcus fulvus HW-1

Tan

Liu

et al. 2010

The ISME Journal

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Myxococcus fulvus HW-1, a salt-tolerant bacterial strain, which was isolated from a coastal environment, changes its behavior with different salinities. To study the relationship between behavioral shifts and the adaption to oceanic conditions, the HW-1 strain was randomly mutagenized using transposon insertion, producing a dispersed-growing mutant, designated YLH0401. The mutant did not develop fruiting bodies and myxospores, was deficient in S-motility, produced less extracellular matrix and was less salt tolerant. The YLH0401 strain was determined to be mutated by a single insertion in a large gene of unknown function (7011 bp in size), which is located in a horizontally transferred DNA fragment. The gene is expressed during the vegetative growth stage, as well as highly and stably expressed during the development stage. This horizontally transferred gene may allow Myxococcus to adapt to oceanic conditions.

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A simple method to isolate salt-tolerant myxobacteria from marine samples

Cited by 54 publications

References 10 publications

Seawater-Regulated Genes for Two-Component Systems and Outer Membrane Proteins in Myxococcus

Seawater-Regulated Genes for Two-Component Systems and Outer Membrane Proteins in Myxococcus

Taxonomic analysis of Sorangium strains based on HSP60 and 16S rRNA gene sequences and morphology

Hdsp, a horizontally transferred gene required for social behavior and halotolerance in salt-tolerant Myxococcus fulvus HW-1

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