Peanut protein was hydrolysed with a commercial protease, Alcalase 2.4L, and the resulting hydrolysate was investigated for its antioxidant activities, including the ability to inhibit the autoxidation of linoleic acid, the scavenging effect on the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical, the reducing power and the inhibition of liver lipid oxidation. As compared with the peanut protein, peanut protein hydrolysate showed strong inhibition of the autoxidation of linoleic acid, to scavenge DPPH free radical and showed strong reducing power. Moreover, peanut protein hydrolysate also displayed noticeable inhibition of liver lipid autoxidation and lipid oxidation induced by H 2 O 2 or Fe 2+ in vitro. All these effects of the sample were concentration-dependent. These results suggest that peanut protein hydrolysate could be a suitable natural antioxidant and may be a health food for humans.

We provide combinatorial interpretation for the γ-coefficients of the basic Eulerian polynomials that enumerate permutations by the excedance statistic and the major index as well as the corresponding γ-coefficients for derangements. Our results refine the classical γ-positivity results for the Eulerian polynomials and the derangement polynomials. The main tools are Brändén's modified Foata-Strehl action on permutations and the recent triple statistic (des, rix, aid) equidistibuted with (exc, fix, maj).

The descent polynomials of separable permutations and derangements are both demonstrated to be unimodal. Moreover, we prove that the γ-coefficients of the first are positive with an interpretation parallel to the classical Eulerian polynomial, while the second is spiral, a property stronger than unimodality. Furthermore, we conjecture that they are both real-rooted.

Abstract. We construct an intriguing bijection between 021-avoiding inversion sequences and (2413, 4213)-avoiding permutations, which proves a sextuple equidistribution involving double Eulerian statistics. Two interesting applications of this result are also presented. Moreover, this result inspires us to characterize all permutation classes that avoid two patterns of length 4 whose descent polynomial equals that of separable permutations.

We prove a conjecture due independently to Yan and Martinez-Savage that asserts inversion sequences with no weakly decreasing subsequence of length 3 and enhanced 3-noncrossing partitions have the same cardinality. Our approach applies both the generating tree technique and the so-called obstinate kernel method developed by Bousquet-Mélou. One application of this equinumerosity is a discovery of an intriguing identity involving numbers of classical and enhanced 3-noncrossing partitions.

This is the accepted version of the paper.This version of the publication may differ from the final published version. Permanent repository link City Research Online Abstract-In this paper, the design and underpinning technical principles of the novel design of a negative pressure wave (NPW)-based pipeline leak detection (PLD) system has been reported, which is configured using Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) pressure sensors. To evaluate this, a pipeline leakage test platform has been established and experiments have been conducted, to verify the performance of a system using this FBG-based approach. The results show that a system using FBG-based sensors can accurately determine the pressure change trends along the pipeline and thus allow the calculation of the NPW velocity online. A key comparison is made with traditional NPW detection techniques, showing that the novel detection system is capable of achieving the higher leak-location accuracy and the detection of smaller leakage volumes. This arises from the ability of the FBG-based system to allow an increased number of sensors to be multiplexed along the pipeline. Their corresponding output signals generated show a very satisfactory, high signal-to-noise ratio. The system has been evaluated, especially in its response to extraneous signals and thus disturbances caused by the pump starting or stopping can be eliminated. This was achieved through an analysis of the time sequence of the pressure changes captured by the multi-sensor array being carried out and thus immunity to such effects demonstrated. The system has thus been designed to minimize the instances where a false alarm occurs.Index Terms-Pipeline leak detection (PLD), negative pressure wave (NPW), pressure sensor, fiber Bragg grating (FBG), pressure change.

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A classical result of Foata and Schützenberger states that the γ-coefficients of the Eulerian polynomials enumerate permutations without double descents by the number of descents. In this paper, based on works of Cheng et al. and Stankova, we provide similar combinatorial interpretations for the γ-coefficients of the inversion polynomials on 321-avoiding permutations and the descent polynomials on Separable permutations (or (2413, 3142)-avoiding permutations) and (1342, 2431)-avoiding permutations. Some further open problems are also proposed.