A simple <i>in situ</i> method to detect graphene formation at SiC surfaces

Oida, Satoshi; Hannon, James B.; Tromp, R. M.; McFeely, F. R.; Yurkas, J.

doi:10.1063/1.3593483

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Furthermore, the estimation shows that the temperature of the graphene sponge could not be higher than 900 °C under our laser pulse illumination even assuming all the laser energy was converted to heat (detailed in SI) without any energy loss. Note generally, efficient thermionic emission temperature is at least 1000 °C for most materials 39 , and even higher for carbon nanotube and graphene 40,41 . Lastly, as shown in Fig.…”

Section: Measurement Of Ejected Electronsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macroscopic and direct light propulsion of bulk graphene material

et al. 2015

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It has been a great challenge to achieve the direct light manipulation of matter on a bulk scale. In this work the direct light propulsion of matter is observed on a macroscopic scale using a bulk graphene-based material. The unique structure and properties of graphene, and the novel morphology of the bulk three-dimensional linked graphene material make it capable not only of absorbing light at various wavelengths but also of emitting energetic electrons efficiently enough to drive the bulk material, following Newtonian mechanics. Thus, the unique photonic and electronic properties of individual graphene sheets are manifested in the response of the bulk state. These results offer an exciting opportunity to bring about bulkscale light manipulation with the potential to realize long-sought applications in areas such as the solar sail and space transportation driven directly by sunlight.U sing beams of light, scientists have been able to trap 1 , move 2 , levitate 3 and even pull 4 small objects (such as atoms and molecules, living cells and viruses, and micro/nanoscopic particles) on the microscopic scale, as well as nano/micrometre-sized graphene sheets 5-7 on a small spatial scale, typically on the order of hundreds of micrometres 8 . There have also been reports of efforts to enlarge the optical manipulation distance by harnessing strong thermal forces 9 , and also the robust manipulation of airborne micro-objects photophoretically with a bottle beam 10 . Furthermore, the rotation and motion of a millimetre-sized graphite disk by photoirradiation has been realized with the graphite levitated magnetically 11 . If these optical operations were to be achieved with large objects on a macroscopic spatial scale, significant applications such as the long-sought direct optical manipulation of macroscale objects (including the proposed solar sail and space transportation via laser or beam-powered propulsion) could be realized. To acquire the required energy and momentum for propulsion, two main mechanisms have been proposed: the use of a laser to superheat a propellant (or air), which then provides propulsion in the same manner as a conventional rocket 4,12,13 , or obtaining propulsion directly from light pressure (radiation pressure) acting on a light sail structure (as with the IKAROS spacecraft) 14,15 .It has been a great challenge to realize the intrinsic properties of single-layer graphene in the bulk state, because stacking of the graphene sheets diminishes most of its properties (electronic, photonic and even mechanical). In this Article, we show that if graphene sheets are assembled in the proper manner into the bulk state, the resulting bulk material not only can retain the intrinsic properties of the individual graphene sheets, but also allows their manifestation on a macroscopic scale. Here, we demonstrate the directly lightinduced macroscopic propulsion and rotation of a bulk graphene sponge material with dimensions on the scale of a centimetre and milligram weight. The mechanism behind this novel phenomenon ...

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Section: Measurement Of Ejected Electronsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macroscopic and direct light propulsion of bulk graphene material

et al. 2015

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“…Interestingly, it was also shown with LEEM, using thermionically emitted electrons [114,115], that the graphene morphology at triple bilayer step bunches under UHV growth conditions is quite different. In particular, graphene grows in a layer-by-layer fashion in front of the receding step bunch without pit formation [115].…”

Section: Sic Surfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low energy electron microscopy and photoemission electron microscopy investigation of graphene

Man

Altman

2012

J. Phys.: Condens. Matter

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Low energy electron microscopy (LEEM) and photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM) are two powerful techniques for the investigation of surfaces, thin films and surface supported nanostructures. In this review, we examine the contributions of these microscopy techniques to our understanding of graphene in recent years. These contributions have been made in studies of graphene on various metal and SiC surfaces and free-standing graphene. We discuss how the real-time imaging capability of LEEM facilitates a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of dynamic processes, such as growth and intercalation. Numerous examples also demonstrate how imaging and the various available complementary measurement capabilities, such as selected area or micro low energy electron diffraction (μLEED) and micro angle resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (μARPES), allow the investigation of local properties in spatially inhomogeneous graphene samples.

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Controlled synthesis and decoupling of monolayer graphene on SiC(0001)

Oida

Hannon

Tromp

2014

Applied Physics Letters

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We describe a process for the growth of a single, electronically decoupled graphene layer on SiC(0001). The method involves annealing in disilane to (1) prepare flat, clean substrates, (2) grow a single graphene layer, and (3) electronically decouple the graphene from the substrate. This approach uses a single process gas, at μTorr pressures, with modest substrate temperatures, thus affecting a drastic simplification over other processes described in the literature.

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A simple in situ method to detect graphene formation at SiC surfaces

Cited by 3 publications

References 16 publications

Macroscopic and direct light propulsion of bulk graphene material

Macroscopic and direct light propulsion of bulk graphene material

Low energy electron microscopy and photoemission electron microscopy investigation of graphene

Controlled synthesis and decoupling of monolayer graphene on SiC(0001)

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