A simple definition of a landslide

Crudën, D. M.

doi:10.1007/bf02590167

Cited by 583 publications

(289 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Landslides are the gravitational movement of a mass of rock, earth or debris down a slope (Cruden, 1991;Fig. 20) The development and harmonisation of national landslide inventories should be a priority to serve as a database for research into causes, susceptibility and risk zoning and potential remedial action.…”

Section: Landslidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Winter cover crops as green manure in a temperate region: the effect on nitrogen budget and yield of silage maize

et al. 2017

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Winter cover crops may provide different environmental benefits in agricultural systems. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of cover crops used as green manure on the soil nitrogen (N) budget and yield of silage maize (Zea mays L.). A field experiment was conducted between 2011 and 2013 at three locations in Vojvodina Province, Serbia. It compared common vetch (Vicia sativa L.), triticale (× Triticosecale Wittm. ex A. Camus), their mixture grown as cover crops, N fertilisation at two doses (N1 and N2), and an unfertilised fallow as a control. Cover crops were sown in autumn 2011 and 2012 and were ploughed in during May of the year after which silage maize was sown. Results show that the ability of cover crops to provide benefit for a subsequent crop is highly related to weather conditions, mainly precipitation. The two years of the study experienced completely different weather conditions, showing two aspects of how cover crops can affect subsequent crop yield and amount of N left in the soil. In 2012, the N budget was higher in all three cover crops at all locations than N1 and the control because of unfavourable weather conditions for mineralisation of organic matter. However, the cover crops had a negative effect on silage maize yield. In 2013 (an average year), the N budget was significantly higher after cover crops, and was followed by a higher yield of silage maize. Based on the 2-year average, the highest value of apparent N remaining in the soil was recorded in the mixture treatment (288.13 kg N ha–1); treatments with vetch and triticale had approximately equal values (272.17 and 272.71 kg N ha–1). The N fertilisation treatments and the control had significantly lower average values of residual N.

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Section: Landslidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Winter cover crops as green manure in a temperate region: the effect on nitrogen budget and yield of silage maize

et al. 2017

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“…Landslides are serious geological hazards caused when masses of rock, earth, and debris flow down a steep slope during periods of intense rainfall or rapid snow melt (Varnes, 1978;Cruden, 1991;Hungr et al, 2014). In our particular case, almost one quarter of territory of Slovenia is subjected to landslides (Komac & Ribičič, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Landslide prediction system for rainfall induced landslides in Slovenia (Masprem)

Auflič¹,

Šinigoj²,

Krivic³

et al. 2016

Geologija

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In this paper we introduce a landslide prediction system for modelling the probabilities of landslides through time in Slovenia (Masprem). The system to forecast rainfall induced landslides is based on the landslide susceptibility map, landslide triggering rainfall threshold values and the precipitation forecasting model. Through the integrated parameters a detailed framework of the system, from conceptual to operational phases, is shown. Using fuzzy logic the landslide prediction is calculated. Potential landslide areas are forecasted on a national scale (1: 250,000) and on a local scale (1: 25,000) for five selected municipalities where the exposure of inhabitants, buildings and different type of infrastructure is displayed, twice daily. Due to different rainfall patterns that govern landslide occurrences, the system for landslide prediction considers two different rainfall scenarios (M1 and M2). The landslides predicted by the two models are compared with a landslide inventory to validate the outputs. In this study we highlight the rainfall event that lasted from the 9th to the 14th of September 2014 when abundant precipitation triggered over 800 slope failures around Slovenia and caused large material damage. Results show that antecedent rainfall plays an important role, according to the comparisons of the model (M1) where antecedent rainfall is not considered. Although in general the landslides areas are over-predicted and largely do not correspond to the landslide inventory, the overall performance indicates that the system is able to capture the crucial factors in determining the landslide location. Additional calibration of input parameters and the landslide inventory as well as improved spatially distributed rainfall forecast data can further enhance the model's prediction. IzvlečekV članku predstavljamo sistem za napovedovanje verjetnosti nastanka plazov v času v Sloveniji (Masprem). Sistem napovedovanja plazov, ki se bodo sprožili zaradi padavin, je osnovan na karti verjetnosti pojavljanja plazov, sprožilnih/mejnih količin padavin za posamezne geološke enote ter modelskih napovedi padavin. Preko vključenih parametrov je prikazan potek dela, od idejne do operativne stopnje. Pri izračunu napovedovanja plazov je bila uporabljena mehka logika. Območja nastanka možnih plazov se računajo dvakrat dnevno, in sicer na državni ravni (v merilu 1:250.000) ter na lokalni ravni (merilo 1:25.000), kjer se za pet izbranih občin računa izpostavljenost prebivalcev, objektov in infrastrukture. Zaradi različnega vpliva padavin na pojav plazov, sistem napovedovanja upošteva dva različna scenarija za padavine (M1 in M2). Plazovi, ki jih napovedujeta ta dva modela, so primerjani z plazovi v bazi plazov, z namenom preverjanja ujemanja in validacije. Posebej so obravnavane obsežne padavine med 9. in 14. septembrom 2014, ki so botrovale sprožiti preko 800 plazov po celotni Sloveniji ter povzročile veliko gmotno škodo. Rezultati modelov kažejo, da so predhodne padavine pomembne pri napovedovanju. Kar je razvidno iz rezu...

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“…Criteria for classifying possible landslide and erosion of hillside in highland area are based on several mechanisms such as types of sediments, trace and shape of landslide and estimated amount of water involved in the landslide [20]. Field mapping and landslide classification were applied in this study, and they are based on a principle of classification of avalanche material and type of movement [1].…”

Section: Types Of Landslide and Their Controlling Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geological and engineering analysis of residualsoil for forewarning landslide from highland areain northern Thailand

et al. 2015

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Abstract:One devastating landslide event in northern Thailand occurred in 2006 at Ban Nong Pla village, Chiang Klang highland of Nan province after, a massive amount of residual soil moved from upstream to downstream, via creek tributaries, into a main stream after five days of unusual heavy rainfall. In this paper, the geological and engineering properties of residual soil derived from sedimentary rocks were analyzed and integrated. Geological mapping, electrical resistivity survey and test pits were carried out along three transect lines together with systematic collection of undisturbed and disturbed residual soil samples. As a result, the average moisture content in soil is 24.83% with average specific gravity of 2.68, whereas the liquid limit is 44.93%, plastic limit is 29.35% and plastic index is 15.58%. The cohesion of soil ranges between 0.096-1.196 ksc and the angle of internal friction is between 11.51 and 35.78 degrees. This suggests that the toughness properties of soil change when moisture content increases. Results from electrical resistivity survey reveal that soil thicknesses above the bedrock along three transects range from 2 to 9 m. The soil shear strength reach the rate of high decreases in the range of 72 to 95.6% for residual soil from shale, siltstone and sandstone, respectively. Strength of soil decreases when the moisture content in soil increases. Shear strength also decreases when the moisture content changes. Therefore, the natural soil slope in the study area will be stable when the moisture content in soil level is equal to one, but when the moisture content between soil particle increases, strength of soil will decrease resulting in soil strength decreasing.

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A simple definition of a landslide

Cited by 583 publications

References 9 publications

Winter cover crops as green manure in a temperate region: the effect on nitrogen budget and yield of silage maize

Winter cover crops as green manure in a temperate region: the effect on nitrogen budget and yield of silage maize

Landslide prediction system for rainfall induced landslides in Slovenia (Masprem)

Geological and engineering analysis of residualsoil for forewarning landslide from highland areain northern Thailand

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