“…This model can be used with standard shell, membrane or 3D finite elements. Several models have been proposed, based on fabric-reinforced viscous fluids [25,26], non-orthogonal equations [27,28], updated Lagrangian method [29], hypoelastic [30,31] or hyperelastic approaches [32,33]. Nevertheless, none of these models can describe all aspects of the mechanical behaviour of textile reinforcement during forming and there is currently no widely accepted model.…”