Abstract:This paper describes the development and the realization of an adaptive antenna based on a reconfigurable parasitic structure. The geometry of the proposed antenna is circular, and it is composed by an active omni-directional radiator, surrounded by a number of parasitic elements that can be optically activated and configured as a director or as a reflector. The optical switches are activated by means of optic fibers in order to avoid electromagnetic perturbations. The optimized structure of the parasitic elem… Show more
“…The reconfiguration cannot be done without impedance alteration and be resolved by reducing the length of the upper slot T-shape to 3.35 mm and increasing the capacitance to 2.2 pF. Furthermore, in work [43], they used the optical switch to reconfigure the beam by filtering unwanted interference signals to obtain maximum gain.…”
New requirements in communication technologies make it imperative to rehash conventional features such as reconfigurable antennas to adapt with the future adaptability advancements. This paper presents a comprehensive review of reconfigurable antennas, specifically in terms of radiation patterns for adaptation in the upcoming Fifth Generation (5G) New Radio frequency bands. They represent the key of antenna technology for materializing a high rate transmission, increased spectral and energy efficiency, reduced interference, and improved the beam steering and beam shaping, thereby land a great promise for planar antennas to boost the mid-band 5G. This review begins with an overview of the underlying principals in reconfiguring radiation patterns, followed by the presentations of the implemented innovative antenna topologies to suit particular advanced features. The various adaptation techniques of radiation pattern reconfigurable planar antennas and the understanding of its antenna design approaches has been investigated for its radiation pattern enhancement. A variety of design configurations have also been critically studied for their compatibilities to be operated in the midband communication systems. The review provides new insights on pattern reconfigurable antenna where such antennas are categorized as beam steering antenna and beam shaping antennas where the operation modes and purposes are clearly investigated. The review also revealed that for mid-band 5G communication, the commonly used electronic switching such as PIN diodes have sufficient isolation loss to provide the required beam performance.
“…The reconfiguration cannot be done without impedance alteration and be resolved by reducing the length of the upper slot T-shape to 3.35 mm and increasing the capacitance to 2.2 pF. Furthermore, in work [43], they used the optical switch to reconfigure the beam by filtering unwanted interference signals to obtain maximum gain.…”
New requirements in communication technologies make it imperative to rehash conventional features such as reconfigurable antennas to adapt with the future adaptability advancements. This paper presents a comprehensive review of reconfigurable antennas, specifically in terms of radiation patterns for adaptation in the upcoming Fifth Generation (5G) New Radio frequency bands. They represent the key of antenna technology for materializing a high rate transmission, increased spectral and energy efficiency, reduced interference, and improved the beam steering and beam shaping, thereby land a great promise for planar antennas to boost the mid-band 5G. This review begins with an overview of the underlying principals in reconfiguring radiation patterns, followed by the presentations of the implemented innovative antenna topologies to suit particular advanced features. The various adaptation techniques of radiation pattern reconfigurable planar antennas and the understanding of its antenna design approaches has been investigated for its radiation pattern enhancement. A variety of design configurations have also been critically studied for their compatibilities to be operated in the midband communication systems. The review provides new insights on pattern reconfigurable antenna where such antennas are categorized as beam steering antenna and beam shaping antennas where the operation modes and purposes are clearly investigated. The review also revealed that for mid-band 5G communication, the commonly used electronic switching such as PIN diodes have sufficient isolation loss to provide the required beam performance.
“…Although the mmWave frequency band provides abundant bandwidth resources, compared with the traditional frequency band, the ordinary plane electromagnetic wave has a very high path loss in this frequency band, which seriously affects the system capacity [17][18][19][20][21]. In recent years, the information carrying ability of electromagnetic waves with orbital angular momentum (OAM) (also known as vortex electromagnetic waves) exhibited in the mmWave frequency band due to the vortex shape of the wavefront has attracted more and more attention [22][23][24][25].…”
With the rapid growth in the number of mobile devices and user connectivity, the demand for higher system capacity and improved qualityof-service is required. As the demand for high-speed wireless communication grows, numerous modulation techniques in the frequency, temporal, and spatial domains, such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), time division multiple access (TDMA), space division multiple access (SDMA), and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), are being developed. Along with those approaches, electromagnetic waves' orbital angular momentum (OAM) is attracting attention because it has the potential to boost the wireless communication capacity. Antenna electromagnetic radiation can be described by a sum of Eigen functions with unique eigenvalues, as is well known. In order to address such issues, the millimeter-wave (mmWave) communication is proposed which is considered as one of the potential technology for 5G wireless networks. The intrinsic feature of all electromagnetic waves is OAM. The OAM beams' unique qualities have led to a slew of new uses. Broadband OAM generators, on the other hand, have gotten very little attention, especially in the mmWave frequency band. The use of OAM in conjunction with mmWave can reduce the beam power loss, enhance the received signal quality, and hence increase the system capacity. The transmitter and receiver antennas must be coaxial and parallel to achieve precise mode detection. The proposed mmWave integrated with OAM system model is discussed in this study. The channel model is created using the channel transition characteristics. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed system model is a good way to boost the system capacity.
“…To predict the radiation characteristics of the antenna. The antenna proposed in this paper has a simple structure, no parasitic elements and electronic devices, is not restricted by electrical switches and the feasible fabrication method at micro-manufacturing level which is deployed by literature [25][26][27][28][29][30] has been utilized. Compared with the previous research [31], the designed antenna has better performance in terms of gain, wide bandwidth and radiation efficiency.…”
The frequency range of the terahertz (THz) band is usually defined as 0.3~3.0 THz, and some scholars have also extended it to 0.1~10 THz. THz technology has the characteristics of low photon radiation energy and rich spectrum information, and the THz band contains the vibration and rotation resonance frequencies of many material macromolecules, which can realize fingerprint detection. Therefore, THz technology has great academic value and a wide range of applications in basic research and applied science. Application prospects, such as THz spectroscopy technology provides a new means for studying the interaction between electromagnetic waves and matter, and its application in sensing has also penetrated into semiconductors, biology and medicine and health, homeland security, food quality control and environmental testing and other major fields. This paper proposes a novel patch antenna structure for the THz communication. The proposed antenna is designed on a polyimide substrate and graphene. The prominent feature of this antenna is that the radiation performance is does not deteriorates when tuning the frequency points. The frequency is controlled through a bias electrical field and not the conventional electronic switch. Theoretical analysis is performed for frequency-tuning and the equivalent circuit model is utilized to determine the input impedance. Simulation results show that the proposed THz antenna operates in the wideband THz with high gain and radiation efficiency.
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