A short-term n-3 DPA supplementation study in humans

Miller, Eliza G.; Kaur, Gunveen; Larsen, Amy E.; Loh, Su Peng; Linderborg, Kaisa M.; Weisinger, Harrison S.; Turchini, Giovanni M.; Cameron‐Smith, David; Sinclair, Andrew J.

doi:10.1007/s00394-012-0396-3

Cited by 66 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…And this could result in greater accumulation of 2 H 5 -22:6n-3 in female than in male animals. This finding supported a report by Millar et al [41], which suggests that 22:5n-3 may be a reservoir for the synthesis of the major long-chain n-3 fatty acids in human, both for 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3. It is possible that the observed higher 22:4n-6 in n-6 PUFA plays a similar role as 2 H 5 -22:5n-3 for the end product 22:5n-6 accumulation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Differences in long chain polyunsaturates composition and metabolism in male and female rats

Lin

Brown

DiMartino

et al. 2016

Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids

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Human studies and some animal work have shown more docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (ARA) was accumulated or converted from precursors in females compared to males. This study explored in-depth the effect of gender on fatty acid composition and polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism in rats fed one of two well-defined diets containing 10% total fat. One diet contained 15% of linoleic acid (LA) and 3% of α-linolenic acid (ALA) of the total fatty acids (LA+ALA diet), while the other diet contained 15% LA and 0.05% ALA (LA diet). At the age of 20 weeks, all animals were orally administered a single dose of a mixture of deuterium-labeled LA and ALA. Caudal venous blood was then drawn at 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, 96 and 168 h. The concentrations of the deuterated precursors and their metabolites in plasma total lipids were quantified by GC/MS negative chemical ionization. Endogenous fatty acids were quantified by GC/FID analysis. When expressed as the percentage of oral dosage, female rats accumulated more precursors and more products, deuterated DHA and deuterated n-6 docosapentaenoic acid (2H5-DPAn-6), in plasma than did male rats in both the LA+ALA diet and the LA diet. For the endogenous non-labeled PUFA, greater concentrations of DHA and DPAn-6 were similarly observed in female rats compared to males within each diet. A lower concentration of non-labeled ARA was observed only in female rats fed the LA+ALA diet. In summary, greater endogenous and exogenous DHA and DPAn-6 was observed in female rat plasma and this was independent of dietary ALA status.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Differences in long chain polyunsaturates composition and metabolism in male and female rats

Lin

Brown

DiMartino

et al. 2016

Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids

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“…Enhancing the total n-3 FA content in beef remains a priority, as increased 18:3n-3 consumption can directly reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk by raising plasma high-density lipoprotein levels, whereas its long-chain derivatives, (LC, ]20 carbons, i.e., 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3), are important for reducing inflammatory response and aiding cognitive development (Burdge and Calder 2006;Palmquist 2009). The role of 22:5n-3 is less understood; however, it may serve a valuable function through b-oxidation to 20:5n-3, or as a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation, reducing the risk of thrombosis (Kaur et al 2011;Miller et al 2013). Cumulatively, the greater total n-3 FA proportions in O-grain, as well as O-and N-grass meat, resulted in an n-6/n-3 ratio below 3:1, while exceeding 8:1 in Conv and N-grain meat (P B0.001).…”

Section: Intramuscular Polyunsaturated Fatty Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of fatty acids in beef tissues from conventional, organic and natural feeding systems in western Canada

et al. 2015

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Church, J. S. 2015. Comparison of fatty acids in beef tissues from conventional, organic and natural feeding systems in western Canada. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 95: 49Á58. The effect of production system on intramuscular and associated trim fatty acid (FA) profiles of retail ribeye steaks from conventional and niche market organic and natural (grain-or grass-fed) beef were compared. Meat from organic grain-and grass-fed systems was leaner, containing greater proportions of polyunsaturated FA, i.e., 18:3n-3, 20:5n-3, 22:5n-3, 22:6n-3. Correspondingly, the n-6/n-3 ratios of organic grain-and grass-fed systems were 3:1, while conventional and natural grain systems had ratios of 8:1. High forage-to-grain ratio production systems increased proportions of desirable biohydrogenation intermediates (BI), including t11-18:1 and c9,t11-18:2, whereas conventional and natural grain systems elevated t10-18:1. Trim fat was similarly affected by production system, and was a relatively richer source of BI. Overall, proportions of desirable FAs, including n-3 and BI, were greater for organic grainand grass-fed systems, emphasizing the importance of a high forage-to-grain ratio to enhance the healthfulness of beef, whereas conventional and natural grain-fed systems were largely equivalent.

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“…Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid have been the most commonly used n-3 PUFAs for TG lowering (32). More recently, supplementation with n-3 docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) revealed incorporation of DPA in various plasma lipid fractions, further reducing plasma TG levels (33). Compared to EPA alone, EPA plus DPA resulted in greater reductions in fasting blood TG levels in subjects with hypertriglyceridemia (34).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of n-3 fatty acid treatment on monocyte phenotypes in humans with hypertriglyceridemia

Perrard

Lian

Bobotas³

et al. 2017

Journal of Clinical Lipidology

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Background Hypertriglyceridemia increases risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and may contribute to atherosclerosis by changing circulating monocyte phenotypes. High-dose n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) reduce blood triglyceride levels. Effects of triglyceride-lowering therapy on monocyte phenotypes are not well known. Objective We examined effects of n-3 PUFA treatments (eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA] plus docosapentaenoic acid [DPA] [MAT9001] versus EPA ethyl esters [EPA-EE]) on monocyte phenotypes in individuals with hypertriglyceridemia. Methods Individuals with triglycerides 200–400 mg/dL were recruited. Subjects received two treatments in randomized order for 14 days each: MAT9001 and EPA-EE, at 4 g/day. At 2 days before the start of, and on the last day of, each treatment, nile red staining for lipids and phenotypes of each monocyte subset were examined by flow cytometry after an overnight fast and postprandially after a high-fat meal. Results Treatment with MAT9001 or EPA-EE reduced fasting triglyceride levels and decreased proportions of intermediate monocytes. Only MAT9001 decreased postprandial blood triglyceride levels, lowered fasting nile red levels, indicating less lipid in classical and intermediate monocytes, and reduced postprandial CD11c levels on nonclassical monocytes. MAT9001 and EPA-EE each reduced fasting and postprandial CD11c and CD36 levels on classical and intermediate monocytes and postprandial CCR5 levels on intermediate and nonclassical monocytes, with no significant differences between the two treatments. Conclusions Treatment with MAT9001 in individuals with hypertriglyceridemia reduced fasting nile red staining for lipids in classical and intermediate monocytes. MAT9001 and EPA-EE each improved fasting and postprandial monocyte phenotypes, which could potentially help to protect against atherosclerosis.

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A short-term n-3 DPA supplementation study in humans

Abstract: The results of this short-term study suggest that DPA may act as a reservoir of the major long-chain n-3 fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFA) in humans.

Cited by 66 publications

References 43 publications

Differences in long chain polyunsaturates composition and metabolism in male and female rats

Differences in long chain polyunsaturates composition and metabolism in male and female rats

Comparison of fatty acids in beef tissues from conventional, organic and natural feeding systems in western Canada

Effects of n-3 fatty acid treatment on monocyte phenotypes in humans with hypertriglyceridemia

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