Differences in long chain polyunsaturates composition and metabolism in male and female rats

Lin, Yuhong; Brown, James A.; DiMartino, Carmine; Dahms, Irina; Salem, Norman; Hibbeln, Joseph R.

doi:10.1016/j.plefa.2016.08.008

Cited by 21 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…One of the possible reasons for this is that several PUFAs in the body originate either from endogenous synthesis or from dietary sources. Estrogen might influence the enzyme involving the endogenous synthesis of PUFAs, leading to a higher level in women than men [ 21 , 59 ]. An increase in endogenous PUFA synthesis may reduce the effect of exogenous intake.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of Dietary ω-3, ω-6 Fatty Acids Consumption with Sleep Disorders and Sleep Duration among Adults

Luo

Sun

et al. 2021

Nutrients

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The relationship between ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids consumption and sleep disorders or duration are controversial. Therefore, we used the data of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007–2016 in this cross-sectional study to explore their relationships. ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids consumption was assessed using two 24 h dietary recall interviews. Sleep disorders and sleep duration were based on self-reported data. Logistic regression models and restricted cubic spline analyses were used. Compared with tertile one, the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of sleep disorders for the second tertile of ω-6 fatty acid intake and the highest tertile of ω-6:ω-3 ratio were 1.30 (1.04–1.62) and 1.36 (1.08–1.70), respectively. Inverse U-shaped and linear dose–response relationships were observed between dietary ω-6 fatty acid intake and ω-6:ω-3 ratio and sleep disorders, respectively. In addition, ω-3 fatty acid consumption was adversely related to sleep disorders in men and the OR (95% CI) was 0.68 (0.49–0.95). Compared with normal sleep duration, ω-3 fatty acid consumption was negatively related to very short, short, and long sleep duration risk. The relative risk ratios (RRRs) were 0.53 (0.35–0.81), 0.79 (0.67–0.93), and 0.81 (068–0.98), respectively. The RRR of very short sleep for ω-6 fatty acid consumption was 0.57 (0.45–0.73). Our study indicates that ω-6 fatty acid consumption and the ω-6:ω-3 ratio are positively associated with the risk of sleep disorders, while the negative association between ω-3 fatty acids and sleep disorders may exist only in men. Furthermore, ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acid consumption are negatively related to the risk of non-normal sleep duration.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of Dietary ω-3, ω-6 Fatty Acids Consumption with Sleep Disorders and Sleep Duration among Adults

Luo

Sun

et al. 2021

Nutrients

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“…Furthermore, several studies conducted in humans and rodents suggest that LC-PUFA levels vary with gender. Indeed, DHA is higher in females than in males, independently of the status of dietary n-3 PUFA (Lin et al, 2016). This gender difference is attributed to the levels of hormones that increase the mRNA expression of fatty acid desaturase 2, the gene encoding D6 desaturase (Giltay et al, 2004;Magnusardottir et al, 2009).…”

Section: Accumulation and Regional Distribution In The Brainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in the Brain: Physiological Mechanisms and Relevance to Pharmacology

Layé¹,

Nadjar²,

Joffre³

et al. 2017

Pharmacol Rev

313

190

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Classically, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were largely thought to be relatively inert structural components of brain, largely important for the formation of cellular membranes. Over the past 10 years, a host of bioactive lipid mediators that are enzymatically derived from arachidonic acid, the main n-6 PUFA, and docosahexaenoic acid, the main n-3 PUFA in the brain, known to regulate peripheral immune function, have been detected in the brain and shown to regulate microglia activation. Recent advances have focused on how PUFA regulate the molecular signaling of microglia, especially in the context of neuroinflammation and behavior. Several active drugs regulate brain lipid signaling and provide proof of concept for targeting the brain. Because brain lipid metabolism relies on a complex integration of diet, peripheral metabolism, including the liver and blood, which supply the brain with PUFAs that can be altered by genetics, sex, and aging, there are many pathways that can be disrupted, leading to altered brain lipid homeostasis. Brain lipid signaling pathways are altered in neurologic disorders and may be viable targets for the development of novel therapeutics. In this study, we discuss in particular how n-3 PUFAs and their metabolites regulate microglia phenotype and function to exert their anti-inflammatory and proresolving activities in the brain.

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“…As is observed in human subjects, female animals including the rat have higher plasma (20) and erythrocyte (21) DHA status compared with males. Animal model systems have also identified significant positive correlations between liver DHA content and circulating progesterone, suggestive of an adaptation to ensure adequate DHA availability for the developing fetus during pregnancy.…”

Section: The Role Of Sex In N-3 Fatty Acid Statusmentioning

confidence: 60%

Sex hormones and n-3 fatty acid metabolism

Childs

2019

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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α-Linolenic acid (ALA) is an n-3 fatty acid found in plant-derived foods such as linseeds and linseed oil. Mammals can convert this essential fatty acid into longer-chain fatty acids including EPA, docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) and DHA. Women demonstrate greater increases in the EPA status after ALA supplementation than men, and a growing body of animal model research identifies mechanisms by which sex hormones such as oestrogen and progesterone interact with the synthesis of EPA and DHA. Alternatively, EPA, DPA and DHA can be consumed directly, with oily fish being a rich dietary source of these nutrients. However, current National Diet and Nutrition Data reveals a median oily fish intake of 0 g daily across all age ranges and in both sexes. As longer-chain n-3 fatty acids have a crucial role in fetal and neonatal brain development, advice to consume dietary ALA could prove to be a pragmatic and acceptable alternative to advice to consume fish during pregnancy, if benefits upon tissue composition and functional outcomes can be demonstrated. Further research is required to understand the effects of increasing dietary ALA during pregnancy, and will need to simultaneously address conflicts with current dietary advice to only eat ‘small amounts’ of vegetable oils during pregnancy. Improving our understanding of sex-specific differences in fatty acid metabolism and interactions with pregnancy has the potential to inform both personalised nutrition advice and public health policy.

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Differences in long chain polyunsaturates composition and metabolism in male and female rats

Cited by 21 publications

References 46 publications

Associations of Dietary ω-3, ω-6 Fatty Acids Consumption with Sleep Disorders and Sleep Duration among Adults

Associations of Dietary ω-3, ω-6 Fatty Acids Consumption with Sleep Disorders and Sleep Duration among Adults

Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in the Brain: Physiological Mechanisms and Relevance to Pharmacology

Sex hormones and n-3 fatty acid metabolism

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