A short communication of Nipah virus outbreak in India: An urgent rising concern

Uwishema, Olivier; Wellington, Jack; Berjaoui, Christin; Muoka, Kamsi Olivia; Onyeaka, Chinyere Vivian Patrick; Onyeaka, Helen

doi:10.1016/j.amsu.2022.104599

Cited by 12 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…NiV is a highly pathogenic member of the genus Henipavirus within the family Paramyxoviridae that first emerged from fruit bats in Malaysia and Singapore in 1999 during an outbreak of severe respiratory disease in pigs and fatal encephalitis in humans [ 30 , 32 , 60 , 61 ]. Since 2001, smaller outbreaks of NiV infections in India and Bangladesh have regularly occurred, with reports of human-to-human transmission being an important hallmark in many of these later outbreaks [ 11 , 62 , 63 , 64 ]. MeV remains an important human virus causing many deaths in children annually.…”

Section: First Steps: Contact Infection and Amplification In The Hostmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host–Pathogen Interactions Influencing Zoonotic Spillover Potential and Transmission in Humans

Escudero-Pérez

Lalande

Mathieu

et al. 2023

Viruses

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Emerging infectious diseases of zoonotic origin are an ever-increasing public health risk and economic burden. The factors that determine if and when an animal virus is able to spill over into the human population with sufficient success to achieve ongoing transmission in humans are complex and dynamic. We are currently unable to fully predict which pathogens may appear in humans, where and with what impact. In this review, we highlight current knowledge of the key host–pathogen interactions known to influence zoonotic spillover potential and transmission in humans, with a particular focus on two important human viruses of zoonotic origin, the Nipah virus and the Ebola virus. Namely, key factors determining spillover potential include cellular and tissue tropism, as well as the virulence and pathogenic characteristics of the pathogen and the capacity of the pathogen to adapt and evolve within a novel host environment. We also detail our emerging understanding of the importance of steric hindrance of host cell factors by viral proteins using a “flytrap”-type mechanism of protein amyloidogenesis that could be crucial in developing future antiviral therapies against emerging pathogens. Finally, we discuss strategies to prepare for and to reduce the frequency of zoonotic spillover occurrences in order to minimize the risk of new outbreaks.

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Section: First Steps: Contact Infection and Amplification In The Hostmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host–Pathogen Interactions Influencing Zoonotic Spillover Potential and Transmission in Humans

Escudero-Pérez

Lalande

Mathieu

et al. 2023

Viruses

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show abstract

“…These animals may be infected especially by contact with traded bats' urine. Outbreaks of Nipah have happened in Malaysia, Bangladesh and India due to contact of humans with infected domestic animals and contaminated food [40,41]. Therefore, Indonesia and other countries presenting fruit bats of the Pteropodidae family may be at a very high risk, especially with the facilitation of spill over through trade of these species.…”

Section: Links Between Wildlife Trade and Transmission Of Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk of Viral Infectious Diseases from Live Bats, Primates, Rodents and Carnivores for Sale in Indonesian Wildlife Markets

Morcatty

Pereyra

Ardiansyah

et al. 2022

Viruses

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Southeast Asia is considered a global hotspot of emerging zoonotic diseases. There, wildlife is commonly traded under poor sanitary conditions in open markets; these markets have been considered ‘the perfect storm’ for zoonotic disease transmission. We assessed the potential of wildlife trade in spreading viral diseases by quantifying the number of wild animals of four mammalian orders (Rodentia, Chiroptera, Carnivora and Primates) on sale in 14 Indonesian wildlife markets and identifying zoonotic viruses potentially hosted by these animals. We constructed a network analysis to visualize the animals that are traded alongside each other that may carry similar viruses. We recorded 6725 wild animals of at least 15 species on sale. Cities and markets with larger human population and number of stalls, respectively, offered more individuals for sale. Eight out of 15 animal taxa recorded are hosts of 17 zoonotic virus species, nine of which can infect more than one species as a host. The network analysis showed that long-tailed macaque has the greatest potential for spreading viral diseases, since it is simultaneously the most traded species, sold in 13/14 markets, and a potential host for nine viruses. It is traded alongside pig-tailed macaques in three markets, with which it shares six viruses in common (Cowpox, Dengue, Hepatitis E, Herpes B, Simian foamy, and Simian retrovirus type D). Short-nosed fruit bats and large flying foxes are potential hosts of Nipah virus and are also sold in large quantities in 10/14 markets. This study highlights the need for better surveillance and sanitary conditions to avoid the negative health impacts of unregulated wildlife markets.

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“…In the midst of current efforts worldwide to tackle the ongoing monkeypox virus outbreak and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, a new animal virus known as the Langya henipavirus (LayV) has been discovered in humans in Eastern China 1 . The virus is closely associated with two other henipaviruses that are documented to infect people, Nipah virus (NiV) 2 and Hendra virus (HeV), which cause severe respiratory diseases and can be fatal, despite the fact that experts have mentioned that the risk for dissemination among humans is low 1 . Langya virus (LayV) is a newly identified virus among the Henipavirus genus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is the New Langya virus in China a threat to global health? A short communication

Uwishema

Shariff

Rai

et al. 2023

Annals of Medicine &Amp; Surgery

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The recently detected virus in eastern China in 2018 led to some health concerns, especially with the global trend of spreading viruses. As a new RNA-detected genus of the henipavirus family was found in Eastern China, the number of patients affected has reached 35 through zoonotic spread, with symptoms ranging from simple fever to fatal affection of vital organs such as the brain, liver, and kidneys. Researchers have found that shrew animals might be a potential reservoir for the Langya virus; however, data is still limited regarding human-to-human transmission. Current efforts by the Chinese Health Ministry and the Taiwan Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to deduct the spread of the virus and track its origin by trying to sequence the disease genome are evident. With all this in mind, the recommendation to face this new novel virus revolves around protecting the most vulnerable population at risk of being infected, such as farmers, and preventing the spread of the virus. Efforts must be directed toward screening animals for henipavirus and diving more deeply into the etiology of how this virus has spread to humans to help understand the spread of zoonotic viruses in the future.

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A short communication of Nipah virus outbreak in India: An urgent rising concern

Cited by 12 publications

References 50 publications

Host–Pathogen Interactions Influencing Zoonotic Spillover Potential and Transmission in Humans

Host–Pathogen Interactions Influencing Zoonotic Spillover Potential and Transmission in Humans

Risk of Viral Infectious Diseases from Live Bats, Primates, Rodents and Carnivores for Sale in Indonesian Wildlife Markets

Is the New Langya virus in China a threat to global health? A short communication

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