A shellfish-borne cholera outbreak in Malaysia

Dutt, Ashok Κ.; Alwi, S. A. R. Syed; Velauthan, T.

doi:10.1016/0035-9203(71)90097-6

Cited by 42 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Within each biotype two major serotypes exist, Ogawa and Inaba. Humans are the only known natural hosts of V. cholerae 01 infection, and in nature they usually ingest these organisms by means of contaminated water (21,186,252) or food (typically seafood) (13,22,73,267,277,344). The probable inoculum size in nature is believed to be 102 to 103 organisms (364).…”

Section: Choleramentioning

confidence: 99%

New knowledge on pathogenesis of bacterial enteric infections as applied to vaccine development.

Levine¹,

Kaper²,

Black³

et al. 1983

Microbiological Reviews

413

194

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Section: Choleramentioning

confidence: 99%

New knowledge on pathogenesis of bacterial enteric infections as applied to vaccine development.

Levine¹,

Kaper²,

Black³

et al. 1983

Microbiological Reviews

413

194

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“…than 1 (non-Ol or nonagglutinable [NAG] V. cholerae) in human disease is much less clear. Non-Ol strains have been implicated in outbreaks of foodborne disease (6,7), isolated from as many as 13% of patients with cholera-like disease during cholera epidemics (8)(9)(10), and identified in stool samples from patients with gastroenteritis in Asia (1 1, 12), Africa (1 3j, Europe (14), Australia, and North (15,16) and South (17) America. They are also ul.iquitous in estuarine environments (including bays and estuaries of the U. S. Gulf, Atlantic, and Pacific coasts) and commonly are isolated from shellfish: a study conducted by the U. S. Food and Drug Administration found non-01 V. cholerae in up to 37% of U. S. oyster lots harvested during warm, summer months (18).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental non-O group 1 Vibrio cholerae gastroenteritis in humans.

Morris¹,

Takeda²,

Tall³

et al. 1990

J. Clin. Invest.

116

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In this study, 27 volunteers received one of three non-O group 1 Vibrio cholerae strains in doses as high as 109 CFU. Only one strain (strain C) caused diarrhea: this strain was able to colonize the gastrointestinal tract, and produced a heat-stable enterotoxin (NAG-ST). Diarrhea was not seen with a strain (strain A) that colonized the intestine but did not produce NAG-ST, nor with a strain (strain B) that produced NAG-ST but did not colonize. Persons receiving strain C had diarrhea and abdominal cramps. Diarrheal stool volumes ranged from 154 to 5,397 ml; stool samples from the patient having 5,397 ml of diarrhea were tested and found to contain NAG-ST. The median incubation period for illness was 10 h. There was a suggestion that occurrence of diarrhea was dependent on inoculum size. Immune responses to homologous outer membrane proteins, lipopolysacchide, and whole-cell lysates were demonstrable with all three strains.Our data demonstrate that V. cholerae of 0 groups other than I are able to cause severe diarrheal disease. However, not all strains are pathogenic for humans: virulence of strain C may be dependent on its ability both to colonize the intestine and to produce a toxin such as NAG-ST. (J. Clin. Invest. 1990.

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“…Shellfish contamination with pathogenic microorganisms, mainly Salmonella, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio cholerae, and hepatites virus type A, have been extensively reported in the literature (Andrews et a1.,1975;Gelli et al, 1976Gelli et al, , 1979Gerba and Goyal, 1978;Joseph et a1.,1982;Slanetz, 1968;Twedt et al, 1981;West, 1989;Wood, 1976) and these contaminated bivalve molluscs have been involved with gastroenteritis outbreaks in several countries (Baine, 1974;Blake et al, 1978;Dutt et al, 1971;Gottfried et al, 1987;Levin, 1978;Merson et al, 1976;Portnoy et al, 1975).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shellfish and marine water microbiological quality

Sato¹,

Monteiro²,

Stoppe³

et al. 1992

Environ. Toxicol. Water Qual.

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Sewage discharge to the marine environment constitutes an important problem faced by public health and environmental managers, and exerts great economic and social impact on shellfish‐producing areas. This study aims at characterizing the water quality and shellfish sanitary conditions of different growing areas on the northern coast of the São Paulo State. Seventy‐two samples of water and shellfish were enumerated for total and fecal coliforms, and were analyzed for the presence of Salmonella. The most probable number of Vibrio parahaemolyticus was also determined for shellfish samples. Shellfish contamination was directly related to the bacteriological pollution of the water, such that in growing areas not contaminated with sewage discharges, 100% of shellfish samples presented themselves as being safe to be consumed. Salmonella was absent in all samples analyzed and V. parahaemolyticus was present in lower densities in shellfish samples. The percentage of water samples that did not comply to the standard were much higher than those of shellfish samples, indicating the need to reevaluate the permitted values of the Brazilian legislation both for shellfish “in natura” and for growing waters. This study also establishes the need for a better management of shellfish‐producing areas, especially those more polluted, in parallel with the development of a Brazilian Shellfish Sanitation Program, in order to protect the quality of these organisms and consequently human health.

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A shellfish-borne cholera outbreak in Malaysia

Cited by 42 publications

References 4 publications

New knowledge on pathogenesis of bacterial enteric infections as applied to vaccine development.

New knowledge on pathogenesis of bacterial enteric infections as applied to vaccine development.

Experimental non-O group 1 Vibrio cholerae gastroenteritis in humans.

Shellfish and marine water microbiological quality

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