Experimental non-O group 1 Vibrio cholerae gastroenteritis in humans.

Abstract

In this study, 27 volunteers received one of three non-O group 1 Vibrio cholerae strains in doses as high as 109 CFU. Only one strain (strain C) caused diarrhea: this strain was able to colonize the gastrointestinal tract, and produced a heat-stable enterotoxin (NAG-ST). Diarrhea was not seen with a strain (strain A) that colonized the intestine but did not produce NAG-ST, nor with a strain (strain B) that produced NAG-ST but did not colonize. Persons receiving strain C had diarrhea and abdominal cramps. Diarrheal stool volumes ranged from 154 to 5,397 ml; stool samples from the patient having 5,397 ml of diarrhea were tested and found to contain NAG-ST. The median incubation period for illness was 10 h. There was a suggestion that occurrence of diarrhea was dependent on inoculum size. Immune responses to homologous outer membrane proteins, lipopolysacchide, and whole-cell lysates were demonstrable with all three strains.Our data demonstrate that V. cholerae of 0 groups other than I are able to cause severe diarrheal disease. However, not all strains are pathogenic for humans: virulence of strain C may be dependent on its ability both to colonize the intestine and to produce a toxin such as NAG-ST. (J. Clin. Invest. 1990.

Distribution of virulence markers in clinical and environmental Vibrio cholerae non-O1/non-O139 strains isolated in Brazil from 1991 to 2000

“…The specie has been divided into serogroups O1 and non-O1 which differ each other for their ability to cause cholera epidemics 7 . Prior to 1992, it was believed that only V. cholerae O1 strains were responsible for pandemics of cholera and all major epidemics 16 , and the non-O1 strains were non virulent responsible for sporadic cases of gastroenteritis 26 and extra-intestinal infections 24 . In 1992, an outbreak of cholera in India and Bangladesh, which subsequently spread into several parts of the subcontinent, was caused by a novel non-O1 strain: V. cholerae O139 Bengal 1 .…”

Virulence patterns of Vibrio cholerae non-01 strains isolated from hospitalised patients with acute diarrhoea in Calcutta, India

“…21 However, the frequency of occurrence of NAG-ST among strains of V . cholerae non-01 is low22 indicating that other, hitherto unknown enterotoxigenic factor(s) may be involved in the causation of acute secretory diarrhoea.…”

Characterization of an Enterotoxin Produced by Vibrio cholerae O139

“…This organism produces a large amount of enterotoxin resembling cholera toxin (CT) (2,6,10,14,15,18). Although an epidemic of cholera-like diarrhea due to V cholerae non-O1/non-O139 was seen in 1968 in Sudan, it is generally recognized that non-O1/non-O139 strains do not have epidemic potential, and that the strains rarely produce cholera(-like) toxin (17,27,30). The factor(s) of epidemic potential is (are) not known, however, it is likely that the productivity of cholera toxin is related to the potential.…”

“…Twenty-ninth joint conference on cholera and related diarrheal diseases. p. [23][24][25][26][27][28]. The AA sequence of AI-1841 corresponded to that of the ctxB DNA in genotype 3.…”