A Shared-Memory Parallel Implementation of the RePlAce Global Cell Placer

Abstract

RePlAce is a state-of-the-art prototype of a flat, analytic, and nonlinear global cell placement algorithm, which models a placement instance as an electrostatic system with positively charged objects. It can handle large-scale standard-cell and mixed-cell placement, while achieving shorter wirelength and similar or shorter runtimes than other state-of-the-art placers on the ISPD-2005/2006 standard-cell benchmarks; however, the runtime of RePlAce on these benchmarks ranges from 15 minutes to 5+ hours on a 2.6 GHz Intel Xeon server running a single thread, rendering development cycles prohibitively long. To address this concern, this paper introduces a multi-threaded shared-memory implementation of RePlAce. The contributions include techniques to reduce memory contention and to effectively balance the workload among threads, targeting the most substantial performance bottlenecks. With 2-12 threads, our parallel RePlAce speeds up the bin density function by a factor of 4.2-10×, the wirelength function by a factor of 2.3-3×, and the cost gradient function by a factor of 2.9-6.6× compared to the single-threaded original RePlAce baseline. Moreover, our parallel RePlAce is ≈3.5× faster than the state-of-the-art PyTorch-based placer DREAMPlace, when both are running on 12 CPU cores.