A set-up for field studies of respiratory tract deposition of fine and ultrafine particles in humans

Löndahl, Jakob; Pagels, Joakim; Swietlicki, Erik; Zhou, Jingchuan; Ketzel, Matthias; Maßling, Andreas; Bohgard, Mats

doi:10.1016/j.jaerosci.2005.11.004

Cited by 113 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Extrapolation from 90% RH to super saturation has been shown to be reasonably accurate in previous studies (Rissler et al, 2010), and could therefore be assumed to be reliable also at 99.5% RH. Furthermore, in one respiratory tract deposition study of NaCl it was shown that the deposition pattern agrees well if NaCl is assumed to be at equilibrium at 99.5% RH (Löndahl et al, 2006).…”

Section: Hygroscopic Growth Rate At 995% Relative Humiditymentioning

confidence: 88%

“…To determine how the particles grow due to water absorption in the respiratory tract, the diameter growth factor at the RH prevailing in the lungs, i.e., 99.5% (Anselm et al, 1990;Löndahl et al, 2006), was calculated from the hygroscopic growth measured with the H-TDMA at 90% RH. The calculation previously explained by Rissler et al (2006) and Rissler et al (2010) is based on classical Köhler theory and can be found in the Appendix together with details about the H-TDMA measurements.…”

Section: Hygroscopic Growth Rate At 995% Relative Humiditymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Size-Resolved Respiratory Tract Deposition of Sub-Micrometer Aerosol Particles in a Residential Area with Wintertime Wood Combustion

Kristensson

Rissler

Löndahl

et al. 2013

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Particle size distributions and hygroscopic growth were studied in a town in Sweden with extensive emissions from wood combustion. The average deposited fraction of particle number, surface area and volume dose in the human respiratory tract was estimated using the data set, as well as the typical deposition pattern of the two dominant particle source types: wood combustion and traffic exhaust. As far as we know, this is the first report on the deposited fraction and hygroscopicity of ambient particles from domestic wood combustion in the literature. The use of PM 2.5 as a substitute for the deposited dose was also tested. Source/receptor modeling and the hygroscopicity measurements showed that wood combustion and traffic exhaust are dominant sources, and that these particles have a low water uptake. Number fractions of 38 and 69% of the wood combustion and traffic particles, respectively, were deposited in the respiratory tract, and 53% of the particles were deposited as an average for the whole period. The deposited fraction of the surface area and volume dose was also calculated for wood combustion particles, with the result being 22% for both parameters. The results also revealed that the PM 2.5 average over more than 10 hours correlated well (r 2 > 0.80) with the deposited surface area and volume dose. This means that PM 2.5 can be used as proxy for the deposited dose when examining health effect relationships during short-term exposure studies if the averaging time is sufficient, while a PM 2.5 proxy is not recommended for shorter averaging times.

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Section: Hygroscopic Growth Rate At 995% Relative Humiditymentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Hygroscopic Growth Rate At 995% Relative Humiditymentioning

confidence: 99%

Size-Resolved Respiratory Tract Deposition of Sub-Micrometer Aerosol Particles in a Residential Area with Wintertime Wood Combustion

Kristensson

Rissler

Löndahl

et al. 2013

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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“…The personal exposure measure is today the best estimate of what a person is actually exposed to in daily life. The recent development of a respiratory deposition instrument (Londahl et al, 2006) which measures the fraction of the inhaled aerosol that is deposited in the respiratory system has taken the estimate of the exposure one step further, but it is still limited to laboratory exposure studies.…”

Section: Measurement Strategies and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personal exposures and indoor, residential outdoor, and urban background levels of fine particle trace elements in the general population

et al. 2006

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The general population is exposed to particulate air pollution from many different local and regional sources. Examples of local sources are traffic, biomass burning and resuspended dust, while regional sources are dominated by combustion processes from heating, traffic and industries. The overall aim of this thesis was to characterise the personal exposure to trace elements in fine particles, mainly PM 2.5 and investigate how the exposure is related to indoor and outdoor levels. Particulate matter was collected on filters and analysed for elemental content by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy.In the general population in Göteborg, personal exposures to Cl, Ca, Ti and Fe were significantly higher compared with indoor, residential outdoor and urban background levels. Significant correlations were also found between urban background PM mass and personal exposure to elements related to both combustion (S, V and Pb) and resuspended dust (Ti, Fe and Zn), indicating that both sources could be relevant for health effects from urban background PM. In a community where wood burning for domestic heating is common, significantly (66-80%) higher personal exposures and indoor levels were found for K, Ca and Zn compared with a reference group living in the same area, indicating that these elements could be good markers for wood smoke. In a study in Stockholm concerning children's environments (home, school and preschool), higher indoor than outdoor levels of Ti were found, while long-range-transported (LRT) elements (S, Ni, Br and Pb) were higher outdoors. A community located 25 km from the city centre had significantly lower outdoor levels of crustal and traffic-related elements compared with both the city centre and a suburban area. The levels of Fe and Cu were four times higher in the central communities. Outdoors, Cu levels were found to correlate well with the traffic marker NO 2 , making it a possible elemental marker for traffic-related aerosols in health studies. Roadside measurements of fine and ultrafine (<100 nm) particles were performed along a major approach road to Göteborg and the levels of ultrafine particles were influenced not only by traffic intensity, but also, by wind speed and direction, as well as boundary layer height. No correlation was found between PM 2.5 and ultrafine particles or traffic, but there was a correlation between PM 2.5 and particles sized 100-368 nm. In all environments studied, the origin of LRT air masses had a strong effect on exposure and levels of PM elements.In conclusion, this thesis demonstrates that elemental analysis is a useful method for better characterising human exposure to fine particles. For several elements, the personal exposure is often higher than corresponding indoor levels. The origin of LRT elements affected not only outdoor levels, but also, the personal exposure and indoor levels, and should be taken into account in time series studies of air pollution and health.

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“…It has been reported that UFP can deposit efficiently in the alveolar region upon inhalation, and that the nanoparticles could potentially be taken up by brain cells (Oberdörster et al, 2005;Nel et al, 2006;). It has also been suggested that fine and ultrafine PM (especially from combustion) are more strongly associated with adverse health effects compared to larger particles (Oberdörster et al, 1995;Donaldson et al, 2001;Löndahl et al, 2006;Tsai et al, 2012;Agarwal et al, 2015). A major obstacle to gathering long-term exposure data has been the lack of suitable portable or personal instrumentation that can simultaneously monitor these ultrafine and nanoparticle size distributions (PSDs) in real time (Maynard and Kuempel, 2005;Maynard et al, 2006;Qi and Kulkarni, 2012;Ostraat et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Comparison of Two Portable and Real-Time Size Distribution Analyzers for Nano/Submicron Aerosol Measurements

Hsiao

Lee

Chen

et al. 2016

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Two portable, battery powered particle size distribution analyzers, TSI NanoScan scanning mobility particle sizer (TSI NanoScan SMPS 3910, USA) and Kanomax Portable Aerosol Mobility Spectrometer (Kanomax PAMS 3300, Japan), have been recently introduced to the market. Both are compact and allow researchers to rapidly measure and monitor ambient or indoor ultrafine and nanoparticles in real time. In addition, both instruments apply the SMPS measuring scheme, utilizing a corona charger in place of a radioactive neutralizer, and are integrated with a hand-held condensation particle counter (CPC). In this study, the different designs, flow schemes, and operational settings of both instruments have been summarized based on the information released by the manufacturers and the available published literature. The performance characteristics and monitoring capability of these two portable ultrafine to nanoparticle sizers were investigated and compared to a reference TSI 3936 lab-based SMPS under identical conditions. Reasonable agreement was found between the three instruments in terms of their efficiency in sizing and counting polydispersed particles. Of the two portable analyzers, PAMS was able to provide a higher sizing resolution for monodispersed particle measurements than NanoScan, when operated under the High Mode (higher sheath to aerosol flow ratio).

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A set-up for field studies of respiratory tract deposition of fine and ultrafine particles in humans

Cited by 113 publications

References 21 publications

Size-Resolved Respiratory Tract Deposition of Sub-Micrometer Aerosol Particles in a Residential Area with Wintertime Wood Combustion

Size-Resolved Respiratory Tract Deposition of Sub-Micrometer Aerosol Particles in a Residential Area with Wintertime Wood Combustion

Personal exposures and indoor, residential outdoor, and urban background levels of fine particle trace elements in the general population

Experimental Comparison of Two Portable and Real-Time Size Distribution Analyzers for Nano/Submicron Aerosol Measurements

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