A serum-free culture of the neurons in the septal, preoptic, and hypothalamic region. Effects of triiodothyronine and estradiol.

Akuzawa, Kuniichi; Wakabayashi, Keiji

doi:10.1507/endocrj1954.32.163

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(20 reference statements)

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“…The observed inhibition in both AChE SS and DS activity in hypothyroid brain corroborates previous finding in the literature showing that adult onset hypothyroidism resulted in long-term reduction of the number of the active enzyme molecules in the membrane [66] and might be attributed to either decreased AChE protein levels or in changes in the AChE turnover [69]. Alternatively, it has been showed that in hypothyroidism there is an insufficient synthesis of acetylcholine (Ach) and also choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), an enzyme involved in Ach synthesis that may relate with the decreased levels of AChE and the overall deficits to cholinergic system [48,70].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Effect of adult onset hypothyroidism on behavioral parameters and acetylcholinesterase isoforms activity in specific brain regions of male mice

Vasilopoulou

Constantinou

Giannakopoulou

et al. 2016

Physiology & Behavior

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Effect of adult onset hypothyroidism on behavioral parameters and acetylcholinesterase isoforms activity in specific brain regions of male mice

Vasilopoulou

Constantinou

Giannakopoulou

et al. 2016

Physiology & Behavior

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“…Indeed, this hypothesis is consistent with studies that have reported decreased choline acetyltransferase (ChAT; involved in the synthesis of ACh) activity and protein concentration in hypothyroidism ( 11 , 24 – 25 ). Alternatively, the decrease in AChE activity may also result from changes in the turnover of the enzyme proteins in hypothyroidism ( 26 – 27 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of thyroxine and donepezil on hippocampal acetylcholine content, acetylcholinesterase activity, synaptotagmin-1 and SNAP-25 expression in hypothyroid adult rats

Wang

Zeng

Zhu

et al. 2014

Molecular Medicine Reports

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A growing number of studies have revealed that neurocognitive impairment, induced by adult-onset hypothyroidism, may not be fully restored by traditional hormone substitution therapies, including thyroxine (T4). The present study has investigated the effect of T4 and donepezil (DON; an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor) treatment on the hypothyroidism-induced alterations of acetylcholine (ACh) content and AChE activity. Furthermore, we examined synaptotagmin-1 (syt-1) and SNAP-25 expression in the hippocampus of adult rats. Adding 0.05% propylthiouracil to their drinking water for five weeks induced hypothyroidism in the rat models. From the fourth week, the rats were treated with T4, DON or a combination of both. Concentration of ACh and the activity of AChE was determined colorimetrically. The results demonstrated that hypothyroidism induced a significant decrease of Ach content and AChE activity (by 17 and 34%, respectively), which were restored to control values by T4 administration. DON treatment also restored Ach to the normal level. Protein levels of syt-1 and SNAP-25 were determined by immunohistochemistry. The results demonstrated that syt-1 was expressed at significantly lower levels in hypothyroid rats, while SNAP-25 levels were notably higher compared with the controls. Two-week treatment with T4 alone failed to normalize the expression levels of these two proteins, while co-administration of T4 and DON was able to induce this effect. These data suggested that the thyroid hormone, T4, may have a direct effect on the metabolism of hippocampal ACh in adult rats, and that the DON treatment may facilitate the recovery of synaptic protein impairments induced by hypothyroidism.

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“…Indeed, evidence from tissue culture experiments indicates that AChE is under direct thyroid hormone control (Honegger & Lenoir, 1980;Akuzawa & Wakabayashi, 1985). With respect to brain function, the reduced activity of AChE may have physiologi¬ cally significant effects on synaptic transmission; initially, excessive receptor stimulation may result, closely followed by an increased latency, resulting in a delayed response time.…”

Section: Neurotransmitter Catabolic Enzyme Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypothyroidism in the adult rat causes brain region-specific biochemical dysfunction

Ahmed

Sinha²,

Pickard³

et al. 1993

Journal of Endocrinology

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The influence of hypothyroidism in the adult rat on brain biochemistry was investigated. Hypothyroidism was induced in 6-month-old male rats by partial thyroidectomy coupled with the administration of 6-n-propyl-2-thiouracil (0.005%, w/v) in the drinking water. Age-matched euthyroid males served as the controls. Hypothyroidism resulted in brain region-specific changes in certain catabolic enzyme activities. Acid phosphatase activity was reduced in the cerebellum (by 34%) and the medulla (by 38%), whereas alkaline phosphatase activity was decreased in the midbrain (by 37%) and the subcortex (by 49%). A differential response was also observed in the case of aryl sulphatase activity: aryl sulphatase A (myelin-degradative activity) was diminished in the cerebellum (by 56%), whereas aryl sulphatase B remained unchanged in all regions. Acetylcholine esterase activity was reduced in the cerebellum (by 45%), the medulla (by 34%) and the subcortex (by 45%), whereas monoamine oxidase activity was affected in only one region, the cerebellum, where it was increased by (61%). The compromise of myelin and neurotransmitter degradative enzyme activities may place severe restrictions on normal brain function. The vulnerability of the adult rat cerebellum to the effects of thyroidectomy is commensurate with the known clinical signs of cerebellar dysfunction in adult hypothyroid man. These findings raise the possibility of an important role for the thyroid hormones in the mature brain.

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A serum-free culture of the neurons in the septal, preoptic, and hypothalamic region. Effects of triiodothyronine and estradiol.

Abstract: Serial modifications of Bottenstein and Sato' serum-free hormone-supplemented medium resulted in a new promising medium (1: 1 mixture of L15 and MCDB

Cited by 9 publications

References 40 publications

Effect of adult onset hypothyroidism on behavioral parameters and acetylcholinesterase isoforms activity in specific brain regions of male mice

Effect of adult onset hypothyroidism on behavioral parameters and acetylcholinesterase isoforms activity in specific brain regions of male mice

Effects of thyroxine and donepezil on hippocampal acetylcholine content, acetylcholinesterase activity, synaptotagmin-1 and SNAP-25 expression in hypothyroid adult rats

Hypothyroidism in the adult rat causes brain region-specific biochemical dysfunction

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