A Serosurvey of the Prevalence of Enzootic Bovine Leukosis in the Mafikeng Area of the North West Province of South Africa

Ndou, Rendani; Sejesho, Felicia; Dzoma, B. M.; Motsei, Lebogang Ezra; Nyirenda, Mathew; Bakunzi, F.R.

doi:10.1080/09709274.2011.11906417

Cited by 11 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Some researchers believe that existing theories should be expanded upon ( 82 ) while others believe that new innovative theories should be encouraged in the spirit of plurality ( 83 ). Furthermore, none of the articles that took theoretical perspectives proposed a novel EVM theory but were all based on pre-existing theories ( 76 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A total of 310 medicinal plants were used to treat several diseases in cattle which were categorized into 10 major groups ( Figure 6 ). The classification of the different diseases was based on the study by Ndou ( 76 ), with slight modification. Some of the dominant categories included general systems infection, reproduction disorders, gastrointestinal problems, skin problem, internal/external parasites, musculoskeletal systems, and respiratory problems.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ethnoveterinary Knowledge and Biological Evaluation of Plants Used for Mitigating Cattle Diseases: A Critical Insight Into the Trends and Patterns in South Africa

2021

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Cattle farming is a traditional agricultural system that contribute to the rural economic, social and cultural values of the communities. Cattle as common with other livestock, are affected by many diseases that cause mortality and economic losses. In many rural households, the use of plants and associated knowledge are popular for managing cattle diseases especially in areas experiencing challenges with conventional veterinary medicine. Evidence on the documentation of indigenous knowledge and biological evaluation of plants used against cattle diseases remain understudied and fragmented. The aim of the review is to collate and analyse the ethnoveterinary knowledge and biological evaluation of plants used against cattle diseases in South Africa. Different scientific databases were systematically explored to extract data from 37 eligible studies. A total of 310 medicinal plants from 81 families used to treat 10 categories of cattle diseases across seven (7) provinces in South Africa. Leguminosae (Fabaceae), Compositae (Astereceae), Asparagaceae, and Xanthorrhoeaceae were the most frequently used plant families. Common plant parts used were leaves and roots. Twenty-seven (27) combination remedies involving 2–6 plants were identified as treatment regimes against cattle diseases. Common preparation methods were infusion and decoction while the administration mode was predominantly unspecified (52%) while oral and topical contributed 26 and 22%, respectively. In terms of diseases, the most treated ones were general systems infection, reproduction disorders and gastrointestinal problems. Currently, an estimated 21% of the 310 plants have been evaluated for diverse biological activities using relevant bioassays related to cattle diseases. Antibacterial activity remained the most studied biological activity. Evidence from the review revealed the significance of ethnoveterinary medicine against cattle diseases especially in rural areas of South Africa. Nevertheless, the use of plants for cattle diseases among other ethnic groups, particularly in the Northern Cape and Western Cape, remain under-studied.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethnoveterinary Knowledge and Biological Evaluation of Plants Used for Mitigating Cattle Diseases: A Critical Insight Into the Trends and Patterns in South Africa

2021

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“…In this study 280 cattle from 10 provinces of Iran were sampled that the total prevalence rate of BLV infection was 32.8% (95% C.I: 27.6_ 38.5%) and infection rates among the areas were 0-100% (Table1).The ELISA method used in this study has high sensitivity and specificity of 99 and 99.6 percent respectively, thus providing a reliable and adequate method of testing (15). Serological surveys in cattle in the United States indicate prevalence rates within herds ranging from 0-100%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Serological Study on Bovine Leukemia Virus Infection in Ten Provinces of Iran between 2010 and 2012

et al. 2012

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Background and Aims: Bovine leukaemia virus (BLV) is an oncogenic member of the genus Deltaretrovirus of the family Retroviridae. BLV is the causative agent of enzootic bovine leukaemia and infects cattle worldwide, imposing economic impact on the dairy cattle industry. The purpose of this study was to estimate the seroprevalence of BLV in cattle in some provinces of Iran. Materials and Methods: A total of 280 cows over 2 years old from 10 provinces of Iran in different regions and environments from industrial and less industrial herds were used in the study. Blood samples from all cows were taken both with and without EDTA. Serum separation for the ELISA test and leukocyte count, were performed upon receipt without delay. Cattle without fever that had lymphocyte numbers of more than 9,000/μl were suspected to have persistent lymphocytosis (PL). Sera samples were examined for antibodies against BLV by blocking ELISA. Results: The seroprevalence of BLV among animals was 32.8% and among provinces was 80%. Seropositive cattle had higher total leukocyte and lymphocyte count and lower neutrophil count than seronegative cattle (P<0.001). Among BLV seropositive animals, the rate of PL was 36.9%. None of the seronegative animals showed lymphocytosis. Conclusion: Comparing the data with previous studies on seroprevalence of BLV in different localities in Iran, the prevalence of the infection has been raised. These results suggest that promoting control programs in Iran are very important. Furthermore, it will be essential to conduct nationwide surveillance program and determine the major risk factors.

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“…Prevalence is generally higher in dairy cattle, with the U.S. Japan, Canada, Brazil, China and Argentina reporting that most herds are infected and are approaching a situation where almost half of their dairy cattle are showing serologic evidence of infection. The following countries and regions around the world are reporting moderate increases in BLV: China [ 1 ], Columbia [ 2 , 3 ], Costa Rica [ 4 ], Iran [ 5 , 6 ], Japan [ 7 ], Mongolia [ 8 ], Philippines [ 9 ], South Africa [ 10 ], Turkey [ 11 ] and West Africa [ 12 ]. Other nations report higher increases: Argentina [ 13 ], Canada [ 14 ] and the USA [ 15 , 16 ].…”

Section: Increasing Prevalencementioning

confidence: 99%

Current Developments in the Epidemiology and Control of Enzootic Bovine Leukosis as Caused by Bovine Leukemia Virus

Bartlett

Ruggiero

Hutchinson³

et al. 2020

Pathogens

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Enzootic Bovine Leukosis (EBL) caused by the bovine leukemia virus (BLV) has been eradicated in over 20 countries. In contrast, the U.S. and many other nations are experiencing increasing prevalence in the absence of efforts to control transmission. Recent studies have shown that BLV infection in dairy cattle has a greater impact beyond the long-recognized lymphoma development that occurs in <5% of infected cattle. Like other retroviruses, BLV appears to cause multiple immune system disruptions, affecting both cellular and humoral immunity, which are likely responsible for increasingly documented associations with decreased dairy production and decreased productive lifespan. Realization of these economic losses has increased interest in controlling BLV using technology that was unavailable decades ago, when many nations eradicated BLV via traditional antibody testing and slaughter methods. This traditional control is not economically feasible for many nations where the average herd antibody prevalence is rapidly approaching 50%. The ELISA screening of cattle with follow-up testing via qPCR for proviral load helps prioritize the most infectious cattle for segregation or culling. The efficacy of this approach has been demonstrated in at least four herds. Breeding cattle for resistance to BLV disease progression also appears to hold promise, and several laboratories are working on BLV vaccines. There are many research priorities for a wide variety of disciplines, especially including the need to investigate the reports linking BLV and human breast cancer.

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A Serosurvey of the Prevalence of Enzootic Bovine Leukosis in the Mafikeng Area of the North West Province of South Africa

Cited by 11 publications

References 8 publications

Ethnoveterinary Knowledge and Biological Evaluation of Plants Used for Mitigating Cattle Diseases: A Critical Insight Into the Trends and Patterns in South Africa

Ethnoveterinary Knowledge and Biological Evaluation of Plants Used for Mitigating Cattle Diseases: A Critical Insight Into the Trends and Patterns in South Africa

A Serological Study on Bovine Leukemia Virus Infection in Ten Provinces of Iran between 2010 and 2012

Current Developments in the Epidemiology and Control of Enzootic Bovine Leukosis as Caused by Bovine Leukemia Virus

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