A Sequential Model of Host Cell Killing and Phagocytosis by<i>Entamoeba histolytica</i>

Sateriale, Adam; Huston, Christopher D.

doi:10.1155/2011/926706

Cited by 27 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 115 publications

(133 reference statements)

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“…However, the genes that were selected for qRT-PCR clearly showed gene regulation induced by phagocytosis, as opposed to gene expression differences that existed a priori. Second, the methods used in our analysis do not fully differentiate phagocytosis from adherence, which are parts of a sequential process (18,27,30). We did not define the stage of phagocytosis at which changes in gene expression are stimulated, and it is possible that adherence alone may induce them.…”

Section: Fig 2 Semiquantitative Rt-pcrmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The concept of phagocytosis as a virulence factor in E. histolytica dates back to 1978, when work by Orozco et al showed that phagocytosisdeficient clones of E. histolytica exhibit decreased virulence in vivo (24,25,29,35). In light of this supporting research, the ability to phagocytose host cells is, at the very least, strongly correlated with amoebic virulence (30).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Feed-Forward Regulation of Phagocytosis by Entamoeba histolytica

et al. 2012

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The parasitic protozoan Entamoeba histolytica is aptly named for its capacity to destroy host tissue. When E. histolytica trophozoites invade the lamina propria of a host colon, extracellular matrices are degraded while host cells are killed and phagocytosed. The ability of E. histolytica to phagocytose host cells correlates with virulence in vivo. In order to better understand the mechanism of phagocytosis, we used an E. histolytica Affymetrix microarray chip to measure the total gene expression of phagocytic and nonphagocytic subpopulations. Using paramagnetic beads coated with a known host ligand that stimulates phagocytosis, phagocytic and nonphagocytic amoebae from a single culture were purified. Microarray analysis of the subpopulations identified 121 genes with >2-fold higher expression in phagocytic than in nonphagocytic amoebae. Functional annotation identified genes encoding proteins involved in actin binding and cytoskeletal organization as highly enriched gene clusters. Post hoc analyses of selected genes showed that the gene expression profile identified in the microarray experiment did not exist prior to cell sorting but rather was stimulated through phagocytosis. Further, these expression profiles correlated with an increase in phagocytic ability, as E. histolytica cultures exposed to an initial stimulus of phagocytosis showed increased phagocytic ability upon a second stimulus. To our knowledge, this is the first description of such feed-forward regulation of gene expression and phagocytic ability in a phagocyte.

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Section: Fig 2 Semiquantitative Rt-pcrmentioning

confidence: 97%

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confidence: 99%

Feed-Forward Regulation of Phagocytosis by Entamoeba histolytica

et al. 2012

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“…55 The Eh receptor that recognizes apoptotic markers on host cells may be part of the large family of Eh trans-membrane kinases (TMK). 56,57 Additionally, there is support for the serine rich Eh protein (SREHP) on facilitating Gal/GalNAc lectin independent phagocytosis of apoptotic host cells given the 90% inhibition using a specific monoclonal antibody. 58 Opsonization of apoptotic cells by C1q can also occur whereby Eh calreticulin acts as the surface receptor to initiate phagocytosis.…”

Section: Invasion Into and Beyond The Epithelial Barriermentioning

confidence: 99%

Entamoeba histolytica: Host parasite interactions at the colonic epithelium

Cornick

Chadee

2017

Tissue Barriers

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Entamoeba histolytica (Eh) is the protozoan parasite responsible for intestinal amebiasis and interacts dynamically with the host intestinal epithelium during disease pathogenesis. A multifaceted pathogenesis profile accounts for why 90% of individuals infected with Eh are largely asymptomatic. For 100 millions individuals that are infected each year, key interactions within the intestinal mucosa dictate disease susceptibility. The ability for Eh to induce amebic colitis and disseminate into extraintestinal organs depends on the parasite competing with indigenous bacteria and overcoming the mucus barrier, binding to host cells inducing their cell death, invasion through the mucosa and outsmarting the immune system. In this review we summarize how Eh interacts with the intestinal epithelium and subverts host defense mechanisms in disease pathogenesis.

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“…In studies where E. histolytica trophozoites were incubated with a combination of living and pre-killed host cells, they appeared to preferentially ingest pre-killed cells, which suggested that the trophozoites kill host cells prior to ingestion [23]. Thus the prevailing model has been that trophozoites first kill host cells, prior to phagocytosis of dead cell corpses [18, 23, 24]. …”

Section: Host Cell Killing and Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Chew on this: amoebic trogocytosis and host cell killing by Entamoeba histolytica

Ralston

2015

Trends in Parasitology

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Entamoeba histolytica was named “histolytica” (histo-: tissue; lytic-: dissolving) for its ability to destroy host tissues. Direct killing of host cells by the amoebae is likely to be the driving factor that underlies tissue destruction, but the mechanism was unclear. We recently showed that after attaching to host cells, amoebae bite off and ingest distinct host cell fragments, and that this contributes to cell killing. Here we review this process, termed “amoebic trogocytosis” (trogo-: nibble), and how this process interplays with phagocytosis, or whole cell ingestion, in this organism. “Nibbling” processes have been described in other microbes and in multicellular organisms. The discovery of amoebic trogocytosis in E. histolytica may also shed light on an evolutionarily conserved process for intercellular exchange.

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A Sequential Model of Host Cell Killing and Phagocytosis byEntamoeba histolytica

Cited by 27 publications

References 115 publications

Feed-Forward Regulation of Phagocytosis by Entamoeba histolytica

Feed-Forward Regulation of Phagocytosis by Entamoeba histolytica

Entamoeba histolytica: Host parasite interactions at the colonic epithelium

Chew on this: amoebic trogocytosis and host cell killing by Entamoeba histolytica

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