A sensitivity enhanced high-performance liquid chromatography fluorescence method for the detection of nephrotoxic and carcinogenic aristolochic acid in herbal medicines

Chan, Wan; Lee, Kim-Chung; Liu, Ning; Cai, Zongwei

doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2007.06.055

Cited by 58 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The amount of AAs detected in the positive samples was comparable and within the range of what was reported based on an analysis of samples on the Dutch market 9 years ago (Martena et al 2007) and also for samples collected in other countries including China, Australia, Japan, Korea, Taiwan and the United States (Hashimoto et al 1999;Lee et al 2002;Schaneberg & Khan 2004;Cheung et al 2006;Chan et al 2007;Vaclavik et al 2014). The levels detected were also comparable with the levels of AAs found in the weight-loss regimen given to Belgian patients who developed AAN resulting in EDIs of 7-31 µg kg -1 bw day -1 (Vanhaelen et al 1994;Bieler et al 1997).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…The sale of AA-containing botanical products was also prohibited in several other countries such as Australia, Canada and New Zealand, and in many Asian countries (e.g., Japan) (IARC 2002;Medsafe 2003;Martena et al 2007). In spite of this, PFS and traditional medicines containing AAs appear to be still available in markets (Lee et al 2002;Schaneberg & Khan 2004;Chan et al 2007;Martena et al 2007;Vaclavik et al 2014).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Risk assessment of plant food supplements and other herbal products containing aristolochic acids using the margin of exposure (MOE) approach

Abdullah

Diaz

Wesseling

et al. 2016

Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A

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After the incidences of induction of aristolochic acid nephropathy after consumption of herbal weight loss preparations that accidentally contained aristolochic acids (AAs), several countries defined national restrictions on the presence of AAs in food, including plant food supplements (PFS) and herbal products. This study investigates whether the risks associated with exposure to AAs via PFS and herbal products are at present indeed negligible. Data reported in literature on AA levels in PFS and other herbal products and also obtained from a new series of PFS in the present study were used to calculate the estimated daily intakes (EDIs) and corresponding margins of exposure (MOEs). Available literature data revealed that 206 out of 573 samples were found to contain aristolochic acid I (AAI) and/or aristolochic acid II (AAII). The results obtained from recently collected PFS revealed that both AAI and AAII were detected in three out of 18 analysed PFS at levels up to 594.8 and 235.3 µg g -1 , respectively, being in line with the levels reported in literature. The EDIs resulting from intake of these PFS resulted in MOEs that were generally below 10,000, corroborating the priority for risk management. Although these results refer to PFS collected by targeted sampling strategies, the data reveal that AA-containing PFS are still freely available. When considering that the use of these samples may be limited to shorter periods of time, the EDIs might be lower, but MOE values would still be lower than 10,000 for more than 50% of the AA-containing PFS and herbal products. In conclusion, the presence of AAs in PFS and herbal products even several years after instalment of the legal restrictions still raises concern, especially for people who frequently use the respective PFS and herbal products. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk assessment of plant food supplements and other herbal products containing aristolochic acids using the margin of exposure (MOE) approach

Abdullah

Diaz

Wesseling

et al. 2016

Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A

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“…Aristolochic acid (AA) is a mixture of structurally related mitrophenanthrene carboxylic acid derivatives found primarily in the genus Aristolochia and Asarum (Kite et al, 2002;Chan et al, 2007). AA has long been used in traditional Chinese medicinal treatment for arthritis, rheumatism, gout and tumors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several analytical methods, such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (Zhang et al, 2006, Chan et al, 2007, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (Koh et al, 2006;Chan et al, 2003) and capillary zone electrophoresis (Wei and Feng, 2008), have been developed to separate and quantify AA-I in extracts of various plants or Chinese medicine preparations. AA-I in plasma has been reported to be determined by HPLC with UV detection (Chen et al, 2007(Chen et al, , 2008.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method for determination of aristolochic acid‐I in rat plasma

Liu

Lin

et al. 2009

Biomedical Chromatography

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A sensitive, rapid and specific liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the determination of aristolochic acid-I (AA-I) in rat plasma. Finasteride was used as the internal standard (IS). The analyte was separated on a Zorbax Eclipse XDB-C(18) column by isocratic elution with methanol-10 mM ammonium acetate (75:25, v/v, pH = 7.3) at a flow rate of 0.25 mL/min, and analyzed by mass spectrometry in positive multiple reaction monitoring mode. The precursor-to-product ion transitions of m/z 359.0 --> 298.2 and m/z 373.1 --> 305.2 were used to detect AA-I and IS, respectively. Good linearity was achieved over a range of 0.4-600 ng/mL. Intra- and inter-day precisions measured as relative standard deviation were less than 13.5%, and accuracy ranged from 94.2 to 97.5%. The developed method was successfully applied in the pharmacokinetic study of AA-I in rats.

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“…Several analytical techniques such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and its hyphenated techniques (Chan et al, 2007;Ioset et al, 2003;Jong et al, 2003;Schaneberg et al, 2002;Sorenson and Sullivan, 2007) and capillary electrophoresis (Li et al, 2006;Shi et al, 2007;Zhai et al, 2006) have been reported for the analysis of aristolochic acid. Most of these methods focus more on analyzing herbal plants, and a relatively complex sample pretreatment is commonly needed, such as liquid-phase extraction, solid-phase extraction or derivatization procedure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of aristolochic acid in urine using hollow fiber liquid‐phase microextraction combined with high‐performance liquid chromatography

Yang

Chen

Shi

2010

Biomedical Chromatography

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A simple and efficient hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction (HF-LPME) technique in conjunction with high-performance liquid chromatography is presented for extraction and quantitative determination of aristolochic acid I in human urine samples. Several parameters influencing the efficiency of HF-LPME were investigated and optimized, including extraction solvent, stirring rate, extraction time, pH of donor phase and acceptor phase. Excellent sample clean-up was observed and good linearity with coefficient of 0.9999 was obtained in the range of 15.4-960 µg/L. This method provided a 230-fold enrichment factor and good repeatability with relative standard deviations (RSD) lower than 6.0%. The limit of detection value for the analyte in urine sample was 0.01 µg/L at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3. The extraction recovery from urine samples was 61.8% with an RSD of 9.71%.

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A sensitivity enhanced high-performance liquid chromatography fluorescence method for the detection of nephrotoxic and carcinogenic aristolochic acid in herbal medicines

Cited by 58 publications

References 29 publications

Risk assessment of plant food supplements and other herbal products containing aristolochic acids using the margin of exposure (MOE) approach

Risk assessment of plant food supplements and other herbal products containing aristolochic acids using the margin of exposure (MOE) approach

A liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method for determination of aristolochic acid‐I in rat plasma

Determination of aristolochic acid in urine using hollow fiber liquid‐phase microextraction combined with high‐performance liquid chromatography

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