A Sensitivity Analysis of Three Nonparametric Treatment Effect Scores for Single-Case Research for Participants with Autism

Carr, Monica E.

doi:10.1007/s40489-014-0037-2

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Nonparametric statistics have been developed for describing the difference between baseline and treatment conditions (i.e., effect sizes) for single‐subject design research, but have not been used to aid in the interpretation of functional analysis outcomes. For example, the percentage of nonoverlapping data (PND; Scruggs, Mastropieri, & Casto, ) is a conservative approach (Carr, ) that identifies the number of points during treatment that do not overlap with the highest baseline point and divides that sum of nonoverlapping points by the total number of treatment points to provide an effect size between 0 and 100%. Effect sizes calculated using simple statistics like PND have been found to be useful in treatment efficacy reviews (e.g., Campbell, ; Carr, Severtson, & Lepper, ; Heyvaert et al, ); however, it is unknown if PND effect sizes between the test and control conditions of a functional analysis would correspond to, or be more or less sensitive to, a structured criteria or visual analysis of functional analysis data.…”

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confidence: 99%

Evaluating the boundaries of analytic efficiency and control: A consecutive controlled case series of 26 functional analyses

Jessel

Metras

Hanley

et al. 2019

J of App Behav Analysis

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We conducted this study to determine if the efficiency of the functional analysis could be improved without detrimental effects on control. In Experiment 1, we reanalyzed functional analyses conducted for the problem behavior of 18 children. We analyzed rates of problem behavior during the first 5 min and first 3 min of the original 10-min sessions and evaluated if changes in the level of control over problem behavior by the programmed contingency were evident from the analyses of shorter session duration. In Experiment 2, we conducted 8 consecutive functional analyses with 3-min sessions to further evaluate the utility of brief session durations. We found that control over problem behavior was demonstrated when conducting functional analyses with sessions as brief as 3 min.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the boundaries of analytic efficiency and control: A consecutive controlled case series of 26 functional analyses

Jessel

Metras

Hanley

et al. 2019

J of App Behav Analysis

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“…The type of data gathered for participants with ASD often includes few data points, particularly in baseline when challenging behaviours are present. As such, the comparison of three non‐parametric methods reported that PND was frequently applicable and, as suggested elsewhere in the literature the continued use of PND appeared justified (Carr, ; Scruggs & Mastropieri, ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…A recent comparison of three non‐parametric calculations compared treatment effect scores derived using PND, percentage of all non‐overlapping data (PAND), and non‐overlap of all pairs (NAP) calculation methods (Carr, ). The PND score is calculated by counting the number of treatment data points that exceed the most extreme baseline data point as determined by the expected direction of the increase or decrease in target behaviour.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self‐management of Challenging Behaviours Associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Meta‐Analysis

Carr

2016

Australian Psychologist

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Objective: A diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is often accompanied by challenging behaviour that may limit the ability to engage in education, employment, or social settings. The purpose of this review was to examine the effectiveness of self-management interventions in reducing challenging behaviours for individuals diagnosed with ASD. This review included self-management interventions that specifically targeted a reduction in challenging behaviours as well as studies that specifically targeted skill acquisition and described improvements in challenging behaviours as a collateral effect of the intervention Method: Studies were located by conducting a systematic search of peer-reviewed literature published in English prior to October 2015. The PsycINFO and ERIC databases were searched. A quality assessment was conducted using the What Works Clearinghouse (WWC) guidelines. A final data set of 12 single-subject research design studies that met quality standards was subsequently analysed. Treatment effect sizes were calculated using the percentage of non-overlapping data. Results: Results were analysed by age, gender, symptom severity, presentation of problem behaviour, and the presence of functional behaviour assessments. Results indicated that self-management interventions are effective at decreasing challenging behaviour for children aged four to 18 years who may be described as either high or low functioning. Conclusions: Self-management of challenging behaviour was identified as an emerging treatment, and inclusion within a positive behaviour support framework was argued. Important areas for consideration in future research are described.

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“…Advantages of PND include ease of calculation from graphical rather than raw data, high degree of inter-rater reliability, applicability to any SCD design type, and ease of interpretation (Campbell, 2013 ; Parker et al, 2007 ). PND has also been shown to be a more conservative measure of treatment effects compared to other nonoverlap methods (e.g., nonoverlap of all pairs (NAP) and percentage of all overlapping data (PAND)) and is widely applicable to data gathered for participants with ASD (Carr, 2015 ). PND is calculated by dividing the number of treatment data points that fall below the lowest baseline data point by the total number of data points in the treatment phase, multiplied by 100 (Scruggs et al, 1987 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review of Family-Mediated Social Communication Interventions for Young Children with Autism

Pacia

Holloway

Gunning

et al. 2021

Rev J Autism Dev Disord

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Social communication deficits are a core symptom of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The present paper reviews 54 studies evaluating social communication interventions delivered by parents and siblings to children with ASD under 6 years old. Fifty studies evaluated parent-mediated intervention, and four studies evaluated sibling-mediated intervention. Fourteen studies evaluated interventions using telehealth. Treatment effects and research strength were variable across studies. Treatment modality, setting, and dosage had inconclusive impact on treatment effect. Parent-implemented intervention packages, Pivotal Response Treatment (PRT), Early Start Denver Model (ESDM), and Joint Attention, Symbolic Play, Engagement & Regulation (JASPER), qualified as established evidence-based practice for this population. Most studies reported successful generalization of skills for some, but not all, children. Telehealth and sibling-mediated intervention are promising areas of further research and clinical practice.

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A Sensitivity Analysis of Three Nonparametric Treatment Effect Scores for Single-Case Research for Participants with Autism

Cited by 4 publications

References 50 publications

Evaluating the boundaries of analytic efficiency and control: A consecutive controlled case series of 26 functional analyses

Evaluating the boundaries of analytic efficiency and control: A consecutive controlled case series of 26 functional analyses

Self‐management of Challenging Behaviours Associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Meta‐Analysis

A Systematic Review of Family-Mediated Social Communication Interventions for Young Children with Autism

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