“…An informal and noncomprehensive review of studies that have elements of the CCCS suggests that many are retrospective studies. Some have examined the general efficacy of clinical procedures (e.g., FA; Iwata, Pace et al, 1994; IISCA; Jessel et al, ; FCT; Rooker et al, ; NCR; Phillips et al, ), the generality of procedures to specific clinical populations (e.g., Fragile X syndrome; Kurtz et al, ), or the epidemiology and phenomenology of SIB (Iwata, Pace et al, 1994 and Hagopian et al, , respectively). These studies summarize outcomes obtained in the course of delivering standard clinical care and the assessment or intervention selection is based on the clinician's judgment about the needs of the client or student.…”