“…Carbon quantum dots (CQDs), as novel types of carbon nanomaterials, have been applied extensively as ECL probes in biological sensors because of their ease of preparation, chemical inertness, low cytotoxicity, ease of labeling, and good biocompatibility. , However, the low luminescence efficiency of water-soluble CQDs limited their application in single-cell analysis, so that it is essential to enhance the ECL intensity of CQDs for the purpose of fabricating an ultrasensitive ECL platform, which could obtain a credible signal for single-cell analysis. Nanomaterials, such as graphene, metal nanoparticles, − and magnetic beads (MBs), combined with a signal amplification strategy, have been widely used as biosensors because of their good biocompatibility and conductivity, which can accelerate signal transduction and amplify the signal . In our previous work, the concanavalin A functionalized Au@Luminol ECL probe was labeled on MCF-7 cells for the detection of mannose, attributed to the good conductivity and catalytic properties of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) for signal amplification .…”