A Sensitive Electrochemical Immunosensor Based on PAMAM Dendrimer-Encapsulated Au for Detection of Norfloxacin in Animal-Derived Foods

Abstract

In this work, a sensitive electrochemical immunosensor has been reported for the determination of norfloxacin in animal-derived foods. The poly (amidoamine) dendrimer encapsulated gold nanoparticles (PAMAM-Au) played dual roles in the proposed sensing platform which not only accelerated the electron transfer process of sensing, but also increased the efficiency of the immobilized antibody. The HRP-labeled antigen, as the signal labels in the immunosensor, was introduced to catalyze the following reaction of the substrate hydroquinone with the aid of H2O2 in the competitive reaction. On the basis of the signal amplification of PAMAM-Au, the signal intensity was linearly related to the concentration of norfloxacin in the range of 1 μg·L−1–10 mg·L−1. All the results showed that the proposed strategy with low LOD (0.3837 μg·L−1) and favorable recovery (91.6–106.1%) in the practical sample, and it could provide a suitable protocol for norfloxacin detection in animal-derived foods with high sensitivity, good accuracy, and stability.

Disposable immunoplatforms for the simultaneous determination of biomarkers for neurodegenerative disorders using poly(amidoamine) dendrimer/gold nanoparticle nanocomposite

“…Once the 3D-Au-PAMAM nanocomposite was immobilized onto the p-ABA/SPCE surface, the anodic and cathodic peak currents increased dramatically (Fig. 2a, green curve), indicating that the hybrid material enhanced the electron transfer [28,36,38]. PAMAM dendrimers are known to provide a large surface area, thus allowing immobilizing a large CAb loading [36,37].…”

“…Various nanoparticle-PAMAMbased strategies have been exploited for biosensing. Thus, AuNP-PAMAM and PtNP-PAMAM nanocomposites were used as electrode modifiers to anchor bioreceptors to develop enzyme biosensors [31][32][33], immunosensors [28,[34][35][36], and aptasensors [37]. In addition, AuNP-PAMAM and AgNP-PAMAM nanocomposites have been employed as efficient nanocarriers to load a high number of biomolecules such as antibodies [38][39][40] and oligonucleotides [41].…”

Electrochemical Immunosensors for Antibiotic Detection

“…They are of particular interest because of the low costs of instrumentation and production, rapid analysis, high sensitivity and short response time, the ability of miniaturization and automatization, and they can be considered as a potential alternative to most advanced bioanalytical detection strategies [15]. Electrochemical immunodevices are becoming popular in food [40] and environmental analysis [13]. Nevertheless, most of them were designed for drug analysis and medical diagnosis [41,42,43].…”

“…Another antibiotic belonging to quinolones is norfloxacin. For its determination Liu et al developed an immunosensor based on the poly(amidoamine) dendrimer encapsulated gold nanoparticles (PAMAM-Au), on which anti-norfloxacin monoclonal antibodies were immobilized [40]. The HRP-labeled antigen, as the signal label, was introduced to catalyze the reaction of the substrate hydroquinone in the presence of H 2 O 2 in the competitive reaction.…”

Determination of norfloxacin residues in foods by exploiting the coffee‐ring effect and paper‐based microfluidics device coupling with smartphone‐based detection

“…The widespread use of norfloxacin and other fluoroquinolones has prompted many regulatory bodies to establish maximum residue levels as a means to prevent the emergence and spread of drug‐resistant bacterial strains and cancer (Tamim, Musallam, Kadri, Boivin, & Collet, ). As stated in EU regulations, the maximum limit of quinolones permitted in animal products is 1 ppm (Liu et al., ). Therefore, it is food quality control and food quality assurance personnel must be equipped with the necessary tools that are accurate, cheap, and rapid to properly detect these antibiotics.…”